Momentum canceling
Momentum canceling is a technique employed in Super Smash Bros. Brawl that is important in competitive play to survive attacks with knockback. The technique involves executing certain actions to halt or reduce the aerial momentum of a character that is knocked into the air. Since, in Brawl, attacks and air dodges can be performed while tumbling and reeling, it is possible to use these moves, in combination with others, to slow a character's aerial movement, and avoid crossing blast lines and being KOd. A prominent example of a momentum canceling move is Mr. Game & Watch's Oil Panic, which negates all aerial momentum, and may be used after tumbling has ended.
When combined with directional influence (DI), momentum canceling can allow characters to survive to damage percentages as high as 200%. While less effective against attacks with high knockback scaling, such as Luigi's forward smash, this technique is essential in competitive play and helpful in casual matches.
How to perform
Momentum canceling involves two steps:
- Once knocked into the air, a character must use an aerial attack as soon as possible, to end tumbling or reeling. If knocked back horizontally, the character's fastest aerial is usually preferable, and in the case of Ike or Snake, an air dodge may be a better option.
- If knocked vertically, the character must initiate a fast fall, which can be achieved by using the C-Stick (or the Wii remote's D-Pad), to perform a down aerial in conjunction with the previous step. If knocked back horizontally, a special move that negates unwanted momentum should be used. If the character has none, a midair jump should instead be performed.
Vertical momentum canceling
To momentum cancel when launched vertically, a character must perform an aerial attack and fast fall. Both the aerial and the fast fall can be achieved by tapping down on the C-Stick (if it is set to Smash), since this will input a down aerial and fast fall simultaneously. It should be noted that stall-then-fall attacks do not assist vertical momentum canceling. Players whose characters possess stall-then-fall down aerials should instead tap the C-Stick in a different direction to carry out a different aerial, and tap the control stick down to fast fall.
Each character's potential to vertical momentum cancel hinges on the difference between the speed of their regular fall, and the speed of their fast fall. Link, who possesses the largest difference, gains the most benefit from vertical momentum canceling, while Wolf, who has the smallest difference, benefits the least. It is important to note that, despite the existence of particular special moves that negate vertical momentum, all characters can survive longer by using this basic method, except Mr. Game & Watch. However, he only survived 3% longer using Oil Panic than the basic method (though the difference would be greater in a stage with a higher ceiling).
Character abilities chart
The following chart shows each character's vertical momentum canceling abilities, and ranks them in terms of their maximum vertical endurance, that is, the highest percentage at which they can survive vertical knockback. Characters were hit by Olimar's down aerial using Blue Pikmin, from the center of Final Destination. This information is courtesy of Omega Tyrant.[1]
| Rank | Character | Non-Momentum Canceled | Momentum-Canceled |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1. | King Dedede | 176% | 195% |
| 2. | Snake | 172% | 188% |
| 3. | Donkey Kong | 171% | 185% |
| 4. | Link | 161% | 185% |
| 5. | Captain Falcon | 165% | 182% |
| 6. | Bowser | 168% | 179% |
| 7. | Ganondorf | 164% | 179% |
| 8. | Ike | 163% | 178% |
| 9. | Charizard | 161% | 171% |
| 10. | Wario | 159% | 170% |
| 11. | Yoshi | 159%, | 168% |
| 12. | R.O.B. | 157% | 165% |
| 13. | Samus | 156% | 164% |
| 14. | Ivysaur | 154% | 164% |
| 15. | Wolf | 159% | 161% |
| 16. | Lucario | 152% | 160% |
| 17. | Mario | 151% | 160% |
| 18. | Pit | 150% | 160% |
| 19. | Sonic | 150% | 159% |
| 20. | Diddy Kong | 147% | 158% |
| 21. | Luigi | 150% | 157% |
| 22. | Ness | 148% | 157% |
| 23. | Lucas | 147% | 157% |
| 24. | Toon Link | 146% | 157% |
| 25. | Marth | 146% | 157% |
| 26. | Falco | 142% | 155% |
| 27. | Pikachu | 138% | 154% |
| 28. | Ice Climbers | 144% | 151% |
| 29. | Fox | 134% | 150% |
| 30. | Sheik | 137% | 149% |
| 31. | Peach | 141% | 147% |
| 32. | Olimar | 139% | 147% |
| 33. | Zero Suit Samus | 138% | 147% |
| 34. | Zelda | 138% | 145% |
| 35. | Kirby | 134% | 144% |
| 36. | Meta Knight | 135% | 143% |
| 37. | Squirtle | 128% | 141% |
| 38. | Mr. Game & Watch | 131% | 137% |
| 39. | Jigglypuff | 123% | 128% |
Horizontal momentum canceling
Horizontal momentum canceling is notably more complicated than its vertical counterpart. The most basic method is to perform a character's fastest aerial, followed by a midair jump. If this technique is performed, every character is able to survive to percentages that are at least 1% higher than in cases in which it is not. The amount that each character benefits from this basic method hinges on two factors: the speed of their fastest aerial, and the properties of their midair jump.
Horizontal air speed is not a helpful factor, since Wario has fast horizontal air speed, but is poor at momentum canceling horizontally. It should also be noted that Ike and Snake yield better results from using an air dodge instead of their fastest aerial. Coincidentally, these two gain the most benefit from the basic method. Unlike vertical momentum canceling, there are multiple special moves that aid horizontal momentum canceling; most influence the character's movement, and a few can cancel it completely.
Character abilities chart
The following chart shows and ranks each character's horizontal momentum canceling abilities. Each test was carried out by hitting the character from the centre of Final Destination with the tip of Wolf's f-smash. This information is courtesy of OmegaTyrant.[2]
- Rank shows each character's position in terms of the their maximum horizontal endurance: the absolute highest percentage at which they can survive when knocked back horizontally.
- Character / Attack / Special Move shows each character's name, their fastest aerial, and, if they have one, their special move that negates momentum.
- No MC, no DI shows the percentages at which each character is KOd without DI or momentum canceling. The first result is from testing with no controller input, and the second result is from testing with the control stick tilted toward the stage.
- Basic MC, no DI shows KO percentage when using the basic method of momentum canceling, but no DI.
- Special MC, no DI shows KO percentage when using their special move for momentum canceling, if any, but no DI.
- DI, no MC shows KO percentage when using DI, but no momentum canceling.
- DI, basic MC shows KO percentage when using DI and the basic method of momentum canceling.
- DI, special MC shows KO percentage when using DI and using their special move for momentum canceling, if any.
* Indicates that the character does not make it back to the stage, and is KOd by the bottom blast line.
** Indicates that without DI, the character's special move provides no additional benefit.
If a character does not have a special move that negates momentum, their statistics in the "Special MC" columns are copies of those in the "Basic MC" columns, and are displayed in grey. Note that Lucario's forward aerial is most beneficial when used in basic momentum canceling with no DI, but his down aerial is most beneficial when used in momentum canceling with DI. As such, his down aerial appears in the position of other characters' "Special Moves". Similarly, Snake and Ike have air dodge ("AD") displayed instead of an aerial.
| Rank | Character / Attack / Special move | No MC, no DI | Basic MC, no DI | Special MC, no DI | DI, no MC | DI, basic MC | DI, special MC |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1. | Donkey Kong / back aerial / Spinning Kong | 155% /163% | 176% | 204% | 189% | 199% | 234% |
| 2. | Bowser / forward aerial / none | 157% / 165% | 174% | 174% | 192% | 204% | 204% |
| 3. | Yoshi / up aerial / Egg Roll | 149% / 157% | 169% | 181%* | 181% | 197% | 204%* |
| 4. | King Dedede / back aerial / Super Dedede Jump | 152% / 159% | 165% | 172%* | 184% | 194% | 204% |
| 5. | Ike / AD / Quick Draw | 147% / 153% | 167% | 167%** | 178% | 189% | 203% |
| 6. | Snake / AD / none | 153% / 159% | 174% | 174% | 184% | 201% | 201% |
| 7. | Ganondorf / up aerial / Flame Choke | 149% / 155% | 165% | 168%* | 181% | 192% | 197%* |
| 8. | Samus / up aerial / none | 151% / 159% | 167% | 167% | 182% | 195% | 195% |
| 9. | Charizard / up aerial / none | 151% / 157% | 165% | 165% | 182% | 195% | 195% |
| 10. | Captain Falcon / up aerial / none | 145% / 152% | 164% | 164% | 178% | 189% | 189% |
| 11. | Lucario / forward aerial / down aerial | 144% / 152% | 164% | 164% | 177% | 188% | 188% |
| 12. | Wario / forward aerial / none | 148% / 160% | 163% | 163% | 184% | 188% | 188% |
| 13. | Link / back aerial / none | 146% / 152% | 162% | 162% | 177% | 186% | 186% |
| 14. | R.O.B. / forward aerial / Arm Rotor | 149% / 155% | 156% | 157% | 179% | 180% | 184% |
| 15. | Mr. Game & Watch / neutral aerial / Oil Panic | 124% / 132% | 140% | 157% | 152% | 161% | 184% |
| 16. | Sonic / forward aerial / Spin Dash | 139% / 145% | 156% | 156%** | 169% | 179% | 183% |
| 17. | Diddy Kong / back aerial / Monkey Flip | 137% / 144% | 153% | 160% | 167% | 171% | 182% |
| 18. | Ivysaur / back aerial / none | 143% / 151% | 155% | 155% | 175% | 182% | 182% |
| 19. | Wolf / back aerial / none | 142% / 151% | 164% | 164% | 178% | 179% | 179% |
| 20. | Ness / neutral aerial / none | 139% / 147% | 154% | 154% | 170% | 179% | 179% |
| 21. | Lucas / neutral aerial / none | 138% / 147% | 153% | 153% | 170% | 179% | 179% |
| 22. | Pit / forward aerial / none | 139% / 146% | 152% | 152% | 169% | 179% | 179% |
| 23. | Mario / up aerial / none | 142% / 150% | 160% | 160% | 173% | 177% | 177% |
| 24. | Ice Climbers / up aerial / Squall Hammer | 137% / 144% | 151% | 156% | 166% | 174% | 177% |
| 25. | Marth / forward aerial / none | 134% / 141% | 152% | 152% | 163% | 176% | 176% |
| 26. | Luigi / forward aerial / none | 142% / 149% | 158% | 158% | 171% | 174% | 174% |
| 27. | Peach / up aerial / none | 137% / 144% | 152% | 152% | 166% | 173% | 173% |
| 28. | Toon Link / back aerial / none | 138% / 145% | 155% | 155% | 168% | 172% | 172% |
| 29. | Zelda / back aerial / none | 133% / 140% | 148% | 148% | 161% | 170% | 170% |
| 30. | Zero Suit Samus / up aerial / Flip Jump | 128% / 136% | 145% | 147% | 158% | 167% | 169% |
| 31. | Olimar / up aerial / none | 131% / 137% | 144% | 144% | 158% | 167% | 167% |
| 32. | Falco / up aerial / none | 128% / 135% | 143% | 143% | 159% | 166% | 166% |
| 33. | Pikachu / up aerial / Skull Bash | 127% / 135% | 143% | 149% | 156% | 157% | 165% |
| 34. | Meta Knight / up aerial / Drill Rush | 126% / 133% | 141% | 160% | 154% | 156% | 164% |
| 35. | Sheik / forward aerial / none | 129% / 137% | 143% | 143% | 163% | 163% | 163% |
| 36. | Kirby / up aerial / none | 127% / 134% | 139% | 139% | 155% | 161% | 161% |
| 37. | Fox / up aerial / none | 123% / 132% | 138% | 138% | 158% | 158% | 158% |
| 38. | Jigglypuff/ back aerial / Pound | 120% / 127% | 131% | 131%** | 146% | 150% | 155% |
| 39. | Squirtle / up aerial / none | 123% / 131% | 141% | 141% | 153% | 154% | 154% |
Momentum canceling special moves
The following are detailed descriptions of each special move that aids momentum canceling, in terms of characteristics, effectiveness, usefulness, and risk.
Arm Rotor
R.O.B's side special very mildly negates horizontal momentum, but does not move him far or put him into a helpless state. While only marginally beneficial, it does not pose any threats to R.O.B's recovery.
Drill Rush
When combined with his up aerial, the fastest aerial in the game, Meta Knight's side special negates a substantial amount of horizontal momentum without DI, surpassed only by Donkey Kong's Spinning Kong. However, the use of DI provides very little extra benefit, allowing Meta Knight to survive at damages only 4% higher than instances in which DI is not used. The effectiveness of Drill Rush is further limited by the helpless state it leaves Meta Knight in, which can leave him vulnerable, especially when his slow horizontal air speed is taken into consideration.
Egg Roll
Yoshi's side special negates a large amount of horizontal momentum, it is surpassed in this field only by Spinning Kong and Oil Panic, and it often allows Yoshi to survive potentially fatal blows if its first few frames are activated. Along with Oil Panic and Spinning Kong, it is the only special move that can negate vertical momentum as well as horizontal. However, its drawbacks hinder its effectiveness to the point of rendering it impractical under most circumstances.
While Egg Roll almost completely negates horizontal momentum, it does not give Yoshi any horizontal boost back toward the stage, it takes a long time to end the move, and renders him helpless upon its completion. Yoshi can never recover back to a neutral stage, even with his exceptional horizontal air speed. When momentum canceling vertically, Yoshi can survive longer by using the basic method and does not need Egg Roll. Overall, this move's usefulness for momentum canceling is very limited, since it is only practical to use on "walk-off" stages, or stages on which a blast line is very close to an edge.
Flame Choke
Ganondorf's side special negates horizontal momentum a small amount. Without DI, Ganondorf cannot return to the edge of any neutral stage after being knocked horizontally. With DI, it is possible to return to the edge of some stages, but if he is knocked too close to a side blast line, on such a stage as Final Destination, this possibility diminishes. Flame Choke puts Ganondorf in a helpless state, thus, even if he is close enough to a stage to recover using the move, he will become an easy target for opponents due to his large size and slow air speed. All things considered, Flame Choke's usefulness for momentum canceling is minimal; it only negates a small amount of momentum, and Ganondorf can rarely make safe returns to stages after using it.
Flip Jump
Like Diddy Kong's Monkey Flip, Zero Suit Samus' down special can negate horizontal momentum without putting her into a helpless state. It negates less momentum than Monkey Flip, and is only slightly beneficial in comparison to use of the basic method, but it is safe to use.
Monkey Flip
Diddy Kong's side special is relatively fast, negates horizontal momentum a decent amount, and does not render him helpless. As such, it can be considered one of the best horizontal momentum canceling moves in the game.
Oil Panic (Bucket Braking)
Mr. Game & Watch's down special is considered the best move in the game for momentum canceling: its use for this purpose even has its own special name, Bucket Braking. Oil Panic cancels all momentum on its first frame, both horizontal and vertical, thus, as long as Mr. G&W has enough time to use the move, his movement will halt and restrain him from crossing any nearby blast line. Oil Panic is also an extremely low risk move, as it does not move Mr. G&W in any direction or render him helpless. This allows him to make a safe recovery, and prevents opponents from attacking him while the move is executed. Mastery of this technique is essential for competitive G&W players. It should be noted that Oil Panic will not momentum cancel when the bucket is full.
Pound
Alongside Spin Charge and Quick Draw, Jigglypuff's side special is one of only three special moves that will aid a character with the use of DI, but provide no benefit without it. Pound negates horizontal momentum a very small amount, but it does not leave Jigglypuff helpless, thus, its use is safe.
Spin Charge
Sonic's down special is another of three special moves that assist horizontal momentum canceling with the use of DI, but are of no benefit without it. Its momentum canceling effects are minimal, and it moves Sonic toward the stage, which can be hazardous. However, he will move quickly and Spin Charge will not induce helplessness, so the move is relatively safe.
Spinning Kong
Overall the second best momentum canceling move in the game, second only to Oil Panic, Donkey Kong's up special move, Spinning Kong, completely negates all momentum upon its first frame of activation, both horizontal and vertical momentum. This, in combination with his fast back aerial and his heavy weight, allows him to survive longer than every other character in the game when knocked horizontally, including Bowser. It puts him in a helpless state however, which is the reason Oil Panic is considered superior. Its landing lag may also leave DK vulnerable upon his return to the stage, but Spinning Kong can always cover the distance required to return to any neutral stage after momentum canceling. It also negates vertical momentum as well, but is impractical for this task other than getting hit diagonally upward as a result of DIing upwards as it leaves Donkey Kong helpless and Donkey Kong can survive longer vertically through the basic method.
Squall Hammer
The Ice Climbers' side special will negate horizontal momentum a small amount. When using the move together, the Ice Climbers are able to return to the stage, but a solo Climber cannot. Squall Hammer is moderately risky when used for momentum canceling, as it puts Ice Climbers into a helpless state upon its completion, which can be dangerous.
Super Dedede Jump
King Dedede's up special negates a decent amount of horizontal momentum, despite projecting him upwards. When using the move to momentum cancel, Dedede cannot return to neutral stages without DI. It is possible to do so with DI, but this may require the player to carefully time its cancel in order to grab a ledge without self destructing. The Super Dedede Jump moves Dedede quickly, and it can be difficult for an unprepared opponent to punish. However, its use it still risky, as performing it without the use of DI is often fatal, and using the move after being knocked offstage by too weak a hit can result in punishment.
Skull Bash
Pikachu's side special negates horizontal momentum moderately, and does not leave him helpless. The move has a large amount of ending lag, so its use could leave Pikachu close the stage and vulnerable to reactive opponents if used after non-lethal knockback. However, Skull Bash is still considered one of the safer momentum canceling moves.
Quick Attack
Pikachu's up special negates horizontal momentum exactly as well as Skull Bash, but is inferior for this task as it leaves Pikachu helpless. It is interesting to note that Pikachu is the only character with two special moves that benefit his horizontal momentum canceling ability more than the use of the basic method.
Quick Draw
Ike's side special is another of three special moves that assist horizontal momentum canceling with the use of DI, but are of no benefit without it. Unlike the other two, it negates a large amount of horizontal momentum with DI, however, it also leaves Ike helpless and vulnerable, and its use without DI is fatal. For maximum benefit, Ike must successfully use an air dodge to end tumbling, which requires different timing and faster reflexes in comparison to the use of aerial attacks. While its momentum negation properties are strong, Quick Draw is very risky and difficult to perform correctly and safely.
Demonstration video
The following video demonstrates the momentum canceling of Donkey Kong's Spinning Kong.
<youtube>TyLBM5d1-20</youtube>
