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| {{ArticleIcons|series=y|unofficial=y}}
| | #REDIRECT [[Hitlag]] |
| {{technical data|Smash 64 formula}}
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| :''Not to be confused with [[hitstun]].''
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| [[File:Wolf F-tilt Freeze Frames.gif|thumb|right|240px|An example of freeze frames in the first hitbox of [[Wolf (SSBB)|Wolf]]'s forward tilt.]]
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| '''Freeze frames''' (also known as '''hitlag''' or '''hitstop''', and officially known as '''hitstun'''<ref>https://en-americas-support.nintendo.com/app/answers/detail/a_id/43317</ref><ref>Although officially the term "hitstun" refers to freeze frames, the community term of the same name refers to [[hitstun|a different mechanic]].</ref>) are a phenomenon that appears in all games of the ''{{b|Super Smash Bros.|series}}'' whereby a [[character]] will freeze for a period of time after connecting with an [[attack]]. If successful with most attacks, both the attacker and target are frozen in time for a number of [[frames]]. This causes the attack to get "stuck" out longer than it would if it had not hit anything, while the target has a short time to react before the [[knockback]] occurs. This is most easily noticed in multi-hit attacks such as [[Yoshi]]'s [[down aerial]]; the attack takes less time to finish if it does not hit anything. Once the freeze frames have passed, both sides resume action. During freeze frames, defending characters are capable of performing [[smash directional influence]] to get out of combos or multihit moves, or to increase their chance for survival.
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| The formula for calculating the freeze frames experienced by both the attacker and victim has been different for most of the games:
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| *In ''[[Super Smash Bros. Melee]]'', it is '''(d/3 + 3) * m'''.
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| *In ''[[Super Smash Bros. Brawl]]'' and ''[[Super Smash Bros. 4]]'', it is '''(d * 0.3846154<!--it is stored as a 0.3846154 multiplier in battle_object.bin; it does not divide by 2.6--> + 5) * m'''.
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| *In ''[[Super Smash Bros. Ultimate]]'', it is '''(d * 0.65 + 6) * m'''.
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| For all these cases, the final result is rounded down. '''d''' is the amount of damage an attack would deal, ignoring [[stale-move negation]] for ''Melee'', while '''m''' is a series of multipliers based on certain factors, including:
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| *[[Electric]] effect (1.5× for the victim only in ''Smash 64'' and ''Melee'', and for both the attacker and victim from ''Brawl'' onward)
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| *[[Crouch cancel]]ing (0.67× for the victim only)
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| *From ''Brawl'' onward, every [[hitbox]] has its own hitlag multiplier, with the default being 1×. For example, the majority of [[Marth]]'s attacks have a hitlag multiplier of 1.25× if the [[tipper]] connects, and 0.7× otherwise. These multipliers apply to both the attacker and victim.
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| **In ''Smash 4'', beginning in update [[1.1.0]], if the hitlag multiplier of a move is higher than 1×, it is multiplied by 0.8× for both the attacker and victim if it hits a [[shield]], though without dropping below 1×. In the aforementioned example, the hitlag multiplier of Marth's tippers is reduced to 1× if they are shielded. Prior to update [[1.1.1]], this only applied for the attacker, therefore making moves with high hitlag multipliers safer on shield.
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| *Some moves are coded to deal no freeze frames at all, either by being given a hitlag multiplier of 0×, or having a special parameter that disables hitlag turned on. Examples of such moves are [[Bowser Bomb]] in ''Brawl'' and {{SSB4|Falco}}'s {{b|Reflector|Falco}} in ''Smash 4''.
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| *In ''Ultimate'', an additional multiplier lowers the amount of freeze frames in matches involving more players:
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| :{|class="wikitable"
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| !Players (''Ultimate'')!!Multiplier
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| |-
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| |2||1.0
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| |-
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| |3||0.925
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| |-
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| |4||0.862
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| |-
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| |5||0.8116
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| |-
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| |6||0.77464
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| |-
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| |7||0.752464
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| |-
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| |8||0.75
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| |}
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| As shown by the formulas, the general amount of freeze frames on moves is at its lowest in ''Melee'', and has since increased throughout the series, with ''Ultimate'' having the most freeze frames. In all games, freeze frames are higher the more damage a move deals. For example, weak attacks such as [[Mario]]'s [[jab]] have minimal freeze frames, but the freeze frames of strong or {{b|sweetspot|hitbox}}ed attacks can last as long as half a second. In addition, ''Brawl'' introduced the mechanic of hitlag modifiers, causing variance in the freeze frame duration of attacks; this is in contrast to ''Melee'' and ''Smash 64'', where the duration of freeze frames was predictable.
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| Freeze frames are also exaggerated if two attacks clash, or the attack is [[perfect shield]]ed. In the latter case, the attacker suffers from hitlag while the defender receives none. Also, if the attack doesn't deal more than 0 units of knockback, the target will never be affected by hitlag.
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| Freeze frames only affect the object that deals the [[damage]]. All other game elements (including, interestingly enough, any particle effects the attack generated) are uninterrupted. For example, both [[Captain Falcon]] and his opponent will undergo freeze frames upon a sweetspotted [[Knee Smash]], while [[Samus]]' movement is not interrupted by a [[Charge Shot]] hitting someone, since it is a projectile not attached to her. Freeze frames do, however, affect attacks that have [[disjointed hitbox]]es. Freeze frames affect the attacker as long as the attack connects, even if it deals no [[damage]] as a result of hitting opponents with [[invincibility]].
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| [[Electric]] attacks have a special effect on freeze frame duration. The amount of freeze frames inflicted by attacks with the electric effect is multiplied by 1.5 (rounded down), and said multiplier stacks with the hitlag multiplier that the move otherwise has (i.e an electric attack with a hitlag multiplier of 1.2 would actually deal 1.8 times the amount of freeze frames). Interestingly, if a fighter is hit by an electric attack from another fighter, and either the target fighter or both fighters are affected by slowdown (e.g by the [[timer]] item), then the target fighter will receive additional freeze frames, while the attacker will not. This phenomenon does not occur with non-electric attacks, even those that have a hitlag multiplier.
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| Hitlag is a mechanic that was borrowed from traditional fighting games. | |
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| ==External links==
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| *[http://www.sourcegaming.info/2015/11/11/thoughts-on-hitstop-sakurais-famitsu-column-vol-490-1/ "Thinking About Hitstop"], an article translated by SourceGaming from [[Masahiro Sakurai]]'s ''Famitsu'' column, Volume 490-1
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| ==References/notes==
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| {{reflist}}
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| [[Category:Game physics]]
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