Editing Knockback

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[[File:SSB4 Knockback.jpg|thumb|As the damage meter goes up, so does the knockback of most moves, as seen here with {{SSB4|Mario}}'s [[forward smash]] on {{SSB4|Link}}.]]

The knockback of almost every attack works in tandem with the target's [[damage]] - it increases as the target's damage gets higher. It is also affected by the target's [[weight]], [[gravity]], and a few other conditions (such as [[type effectiveness]]). While not the primary factor, the damage dealt by an attack is a significant factor in how much knockback it deals - this is the reason [[stale move negation|stale moves]] have less knockback than fresh ones, and the reason [[smash attack]]s deal significantly more knockback when fully [[charge]]d.

 

Each hitbox of a move has two knockback values: a '''base knockback''' and a '''knockback scaling''' (also known as '''knockback growth'''). Base knockback is the minimum amount of knockback the attack can deliver under normal circumstances, and knockback scaling is a factor that controls how much the knockback increases as damage increases.

 

Moves with high base knockback can deal high knockback (such as performing a forward smash with the [[Home-Run Bat]]), even against fighters who haven't taken much damage, and tend to be more effective at KOing when fighters can easily be sent flying at low damage percentages (such as against lighter fighters, when near the edge of the stage, or when a fighter is [[handicap]]ped to sustain more knockback). Tiny-sized fighters are usually the most vulnerable to getting KO'd by high base knockback attacks, due to having reduced weight, and an increased knockback taken multiplier.

On the other hand, moves with high knockback scaling can reach KO potential more quickly (such as Luigi's forward smash), especially if they have a high damage output, and tend to be more effective at KOing when fighters need to take greater knockback than what a high base knockback attack can deliver on its own (such as against heavier fighters, when far away from a stage's blast line, or when a fighter is handicapped to sustain less knockback). Advanced techniques to extend survival, such as [[DI]] and [[momentum canceling]], are also less effective the stronger a move's knockback scaling is.

In ''[[Melee]]'', the highest knockback delivered and received by each character is given in a match's [[results screen]], labeled as "Fastest Pitch" and "Top Speed" respectively, though the numbers lack meaning. In ''[[Brawl]]'', the velocity applied (in units per 1000 frames) is provided instead of the knockback value (though it's simply knockback divided by 0.03). The unit is given as "mph"; while this would presumably mean "miles per hour", this is obviously not the case, as a 1,000 mph hit would barely send characters anywhere. In {{for3ds}}, knockback units are again shown without a meaning, while in {{forwiiu}}, they are measured in "mph" as in ''Brawl'', though in a lower scale. Strangely enough, knockback for a same move between the two games is actually shown in different scales: {{SSB4|Ganondorf}}'s [[Warlock Punch]], for instance, scores 102 units of knockback against {{SSB4|Mario}} at 0% damage (without other modifiers) in ''Smash 3DS'', while scoring 53 mph under the same conditions in ''Smash U''. Despite these differences among games, they all internally use the same knockback measurement units in accordance to the knockback formula, as evidenced by moves with unchanged damage and knockback values throughout them (such as [[Jigglypuff]]'s [[back throw]] from ''Melee'' to ''Smash 4'') keeping their knockback identical.

|172.5||5750||The approximate knockback needed to KO from the center of {{SSBB|Final Destination}} with the [[Sakurai angle]] DI'd down.

Visual effects known as '''angle indicators''' show when a hitbox collides with an opponent; as its name suggests, the angle indicator shows the angle of said hitboxes. In ''Brawl'', angle indicators show different colors depending on who or what they hit. For player one, the angle indicator is red, with the second player's indicator being blue, and so forth. Computer-controlled opponents and objects like [[Sandbag]] have white angle indicators. Angle indicators appear in ''Super Smash Bros.'' as small "bubbles" appearing in the direction of the angle. In ''Smash 4'', angle indicators appear as colorful, stylized "debris" flying off of an impact.

Skyworld3.jpg|Note the downward facing lines that indicate Donkey Kong's [[meteor smash]].

Angleindicatorssb.jpg|The angle indicator in ''Super Smash Bros.''

CaptainFTilt.JPG|An angle indicator in ''Smash 4''.

<big><math>\left ( \left ( \left ( \left ( \left ( {p \over 10} + {{p \times d} \over 20} \right ) \times w \times 1.4 \right ) + 18 \right ) \times s \right ) + b \right ) \times r</math></big>

<big><math>\left ( \left ( \left ( \left ( \left ( {p \over 10} + {{p \times d} \over 20} \right ) \times { 200 \over { w + 100} } \times 1.4 \right ) + 18 \right ) \times s \right ) + b \right ) \times r</math></big>

[[File:gravity knockback.gif|thumb|A demonstration of the effect of gravity on knockback, the Shulk on the left uses the hyper Speed Monado Art, increasing his gravity, and as a result, the knockback he sustains.]]<br>

Starting in ''Brawl'', a second formula is also used to alter knockback based on the target's [[gravity]]:

<big><math>(g - 0.075) \times 5</math></big>

The result of this formula increases vertical launch speed if the target enters tumble. As a result, characters with higher gravity get launched faster than those with lower gravity, depending on how vertical the angle is, resulting in fighters with higher gravity stats having worsened vertical survivability, seemingly as an attempt to normalize the effect of combos and multi-hit moves on characters of differing gravity. This formula is also applied to moves that launch opponents downwards, though since vertical launch speed is negative in this case, the result of the formula effectively decreases it slightly instead, reducing the effectiveness of [[meteor smash]]es on fast fallers.

 

In ''Ultimate'', moves that launch at angles between 70° and 110° now instead cause characters' falling speeds to be homogenized to a set value of 1.8 during hitstun. Furthermore, the additional launch speed from the gravity formula is no longer applied. As a result of these changes, falling speed no longer plays as much of a factor on determining a characters' vertical survivability, and moves that deal vertical knockback are generally easier to survive compared to ''Brawl'' and ''SSB4'', thus making vertical survivability among the cast much more consistent than in previous games. Note that weight-independent moves do not homogenize falling speeds or use the different gravity value, so gravity and fall speed (especially the latter) still have an impact on the vertical survivability against those moves.

*'''p''' is the percentage of the target, counted after the attack's damage is added. In [[Stamina Mode]] this is set to 20.

**In ''Melee'', '''p''' is floored pre-hits percentage + sum of hitbox damage(s) dealt to the character that frame, including staling and other modifiers.

*'''w''' is the [[weight]] of the target. It is set to 100 if the attack is weight independent. Note that in ''SSB'', heavier characters have a lower weight value than lighter ones, in accordance with the formula.

*'''r''' is a series of ratios based on a number of factors, including:

**[[Smash attack|Smash]] [[charge]] interruption bonus prior to ''Ultimate'' (x1.2, ''Melee'' onwards, applied if the opponent was charging a smash attack when hit)

**[[Frozen]] penalty factor (x0.25 in ''Melee''). Characters in frozen state take reduced knockback.

**[[Type effectiveness]] (x1.1 for super effective, x0.9 for not very effective, specific to {{SSBB|Charizard}}, {{SSBB|Ivysaur}}, and {{SSBB|Squirtle}} in ''Brawl'')

**Size changes made by the [[Super Mushroom]], [[Poison Mushroom]], and [[Lightning Bolt]] (less knockback is dealt to giant-sized fighters, while tiny fighters take more knockback than normal)

**[[Rage]] (between x1 and x1.15 in ''Smash 4'' and between x1 and x1.1 in ''Ultimate'')

 

 

 

 

Deadly Blow is an aesthetic effect in ''Smash 4'' and ''Ultimate''. Attacks dealing strong enough knockback to KO opponents before they can act afterwards produce a red-and-black lightning effect on contact. This effect tends to appear slightly after the actual damage percentage at which an attack can start KOing. For example, {{SSB4|Jigglypuff}}'s [[Rest]] can KO Mario on the 3DS version's {{SSB4|Final Destination}} with no DI starting at 60%, but the effect doesn't appear until 62%.

 

 

The Deadly Blow activating does not necessarily guarantee a KO. The game does not consider stage walls, ceilings, or other obstacles that can otherwise change the trajectory of knockback (thereby preventing or causing a KO) when determining whether the lightning appears. [[Directional Influence|DI]] Is also not taken into account, meaning players can still save themselves after the effect is displayed if the attack can just barely KO them.

In ''Ultimate'', when a move is expected to end the match (that is, when all remaining opponents are on their last stock and hits the last character not already in lethal knockback or a [[Star KO]]), this effect is accompanied by a dramatic slowdown alongside a red background and a unique, much more intense sound effect, with the camera zooming in on the character. This is referred to as '''[[Finish Zoom]]''' by [[Masahiro Sakurai]] and his development team.

*Bouncing off a surface reduces knockback [http://smashboards.com/threads/detailed-throws-techs-and-getups-frame-data.206469/page-2#post-5956687 by 20%] in ''Melee'' and [http://kuroganehammer.com/Smash4/Formulas ''Smash 4''] and 15% in ''Brawl'' and 5% in ''Ultimate''. Landing a [[meteor smash]] or [[spike]] on a grounded opponent counts as a bounce, if enough knockback was dealt. Because the bounce occurs after the hit, the amount of [[hitstun]] suffered is not reduced a corresponding amount, meaning that downwards-hitting attacks tend to be excellent combo starters.

*In all games, the screen will commonly flash white when a character receives knockback that is greater than or equal to 160 units; however, the screen will flash into a different color when they're launched far by an elemental attack (i.e. red for [[flame]] attacks, blue for [[electric]] attacks, etc.).

*In ''Brawl'', characters that take enough knockback to be sent [[tumbling]] will slightly damage opponents they run into while flying. This hitbox belongs to the character that dealt the knockback, and inflicts minor damage (usually from 1% to 4%) and knockback depending on how powerfully the character was launched. This is also present in ''Melee'' and ''Smash 64'', but only applies to characters who receive knockback after a [[throw]] (not counting [[special move]] grabs like [[Falcon Dive|Falcon]]/[[Dark Dive]] and [[Koopa Klaw]]). This property was later removed in ''Smash 4'', where launched opponents simply fly through other characters like in previous games.

**A similar effect is used against enemies in [[The Subspace Emissary]], [[Smash Run]] and [[Master Fortress]], known as [[careening]], or the '''cannonball effect''' in ''Smash 4''. When an enemy is defeated, it is sent flying at an angle (depending on the attack that KO'd it) and deals major damage to other enemies it runs into, before disappearing.

*Characters with [[armor]] will take no knockback, or reduced knockback.

*In ''Smash 4'' and ''Ultimate'', characters at higher percentages deal slightly more knockback, a factor popularly known as "[[rage]]".<ref>[http://smashboards.com/threads/new-mechanic-the-rage-effect.368987/ The "Rage Effect"]</ref> In ''Smash 4'', rage starts building up at 35% damage and caps at 150%, at which the character deals 15% more knockback than normal, or 10% more in ''Ultimate''.

*In ''Smash 4'', [[launch speed influence]] can increase launch speed to a maximum of x1.095 by holding up on the [[control stick]], or decrease it to a minimum of x0.92 by holding down. From update [[1.0.4]] onward, this does not apply if the target is launched at an angle between 65° and 115°, or between 245° and 295°.

*In ''Smash 4'', [[buried]] characters take 30% less knockback from attacks, provided these are strong enough to hit them out of said state.

'''Set knockback''', also referred to as '''fixed knockback''', is a property of some attacks where the amount of knockback dealt by the attack is always the same regardless of the damage the opponent has received so far, [[stale-move negation]], or how much damage the attack does. Moves with this property can be thought of as only having base knockback with no scaling, though this is actually not the case. Usually, set knockback is used for the first hits of a [[natural combo]] or multi-hit move, while the last hit deals normal knockback (sometimes called "scaling knockback" to contrast), to make it easier for the entire attack to hit regardless of the opponent's damage. While damage is not a factor for set knockback, the character's [[weight]] still is, so the terms '''weight-dependent set knockback''' or '''weight based knockback''' are sometimes used. Starting in ''Brawl'', the effect of Damage Ratios (Launch Rates) for fixed knockback was drastically reduced, to the point where the in game Damage Ratio setting would have only a small effect on their knockback. Additionally, Shulk's Smash [[Monado Art]] is ignored entirely in ''Smash 4''. However, other modifiers on knockback, such as rage, crouch cancelling, or smash attack charging bonus are still calculated normally, which in the case of rage can lead to unintended early KO setups in normal gameplay. In ''Ultimate'', the effect of both types of knockback modifiers on set knockback was removed altogether, so set knockback is much harder to modify.

*{{CharHead|Donkey Kong|SSB|hsize=20px}}'s {{mvsub|Donkey Kong|SSB|dash attack}}, [[Donkey Kong (SSB)/Up special|Spinning Kong]], and [[Donkey Kong (SSB)/Down special|Hand Slap]].

*{{CharHead|Fox|SSB|hsize=20px}}'s down angled {{mvsub|Fox|SSB|forward tilt}}, {{mvsub|Fox|SSB|down aerial}}, {{mvsub|Fox|SSB|up aerial}} (first hit), [[Fox (SSB)/Neutral special|Blaster]] and [[Fox (SSB)/Down special|Reflector]].

*{{CharHead|Jigglypuff|SSB|hsize=20px}}'s {{mvsub|Jigglypuff|SSB|down aerial}} (all but landing hit).

*{{CharHead|Kirby|SSB|hsize=20px}}'s [[Kirby (SSB)/Up special|Final Cutter]] (excluding the projectile), {{mvsub|Kirby|SSB|up aerial}}, {{mvsub|Kirby|SSB|forward aerial}} (all but last hit), {{mvsub|Kirby|SSB|neutral aerial}}, {{mvsub|Kirby|SSB|down aerial}} (landing hit), and [[Kirby (SSB)/Neutral special|Inhale]].

*{{CharHead|Link|SSB|hsize=20px}}'s [[up smash]] (first two hits).

*{{CharHead|Luigi|SSB|hsize=20px}}'s [[sourspot]]ted [[Luigi (SSB)/Up special|Super Jump Punch]], {{mvsub|Luigi|SSB|dash attack}}, {{mvsub|Luigi|SSB|down aerial}}, and {{mvsub|Luigi|SSB|taunt}}.

*{{CharHead|Mario|SSB|hsize=20px}}'s [[Mario (SSB)/Up special|Super Jump Punch]] (all but last hit), {{mvsub|Mario|SSB|down aerial}}, and [[Mario (SSB)/Down special|Mario Tornado]].

*{{CharHead|Ness|SSB|hsize=20px}}' [[Ness (SSB)/Neutral special|PK Fire]] (all but first hit).

*{{CharHead|Pikachu|SSB|hsize=20px}}'s {{mvsub|Pikachu|SSB|forward aerial}}.

*{{CharHead|Samus|SSB|hsize=20px}}'s {{mvsub|Samus|SSB|up aerial}} and [[Samus (SSB)/Up special|Screw Attack]].

*{{CharHead|Yoshi|SSB|hsize=20px}}'s {{mvsub|Yoshi|SSB|up tilt}}, {{mvsub|Yoshi|SSB|down tilt}}, [[Yoshi (SSB)/Neutral special|Egg Lay]], and [[Yoshi (SSB)/Down special|Yoshi Bomb]] (stars).

*All [[windbox]]es.

*{{CharHead|Bowser|SSBM|hsize=20px}}'s [[Bowser (SSBM)/Neutral attack/Hit 1|neutral attack]] (first hit), {{mvsub|Bowser|SSBM|down aerial}}'s looping hits and {{mvsub|Bowser|SSBM|up throw}}.

*{{CharHead|Captain Falcon|SSBM|hsize=20px}}'s {{mvsub|Captain Falcon|SSBM|neutral attack}} (first and second hits), {{mvsub|Captain Falcon|SSBM|up smash}} (first hit), {{mvsub|Captain Falcon|SSBM|neutral aerial}} (first hit) and his uncharged smash attack with a [[Home-Run Bat]].

*{{CharHead|Donkey Kong|SSBM|hsize=20px}}'s [[Donkey Kong (SSBM)/Down special|Hand Slap]].

*{{CharHead|Dr. Mario|SSBM|hsize=20px}}'s {{mvsub|Dr. Mario|SSBM|neutral attack}} (first and second hits), {{mvsub|Dr. Mario|SSBM|down aerial}}, [[Dr. Mario (SSBM)/Up special|Super Jump Punch]] and [[Dr. Mario (SSBM)/Down special|Dr. Tornado]] (excluding both specials' final hits).

*{{CharHead|Falco|SSBM|hsize=20px}}'s [[Falco (SSBM)/Neutral special|Blaster]].

*{{CharHead|Fox|SSBM|hsize=20px}}'s {{mvsub|Fox|SSBM|up aerial}} (first hit), {{mvsub|Fox|SSBM|down aerial}} and [[Fox (SSBM)/Down special|Reflector]].

*{{CharHead|Ganondorf|SSBM|hsize=20px}}'s {{mvsub|Ganondorf|SSBM|down smash}} (first hit).

*{{CharHead|Ice Climbers|SSBM|hsize=20px}}' {{mvsub|Ice Climbers|SSBM|down aerial}}.

*{{CharHead|Mario|SSBM|hsize=20px}}'s {{mvsub|Mario|SSBM|neutral attack}} (first and second hits), down angled {{mvsub|Mario|SSBM|forward tilt}}, {{mvsub|Mario|SSBM|down aerial}}, [[Mario (SSBM)/Up special|Super Jump Punch]], [[Mario (SSBM)/Down special|Mario Tornado]], (excluding their respective final hits).

*{{CharHead|Marth|SSBM|hsize=20px}}'s {{mvsub|Marth|SSBM|up smash}} (outer hitboxes).

*{{CharHead|Mewtwo|SSBM|hsize=20px}}'s [[Mewtwo (SSBM)/Neutral attack/Hit 1|neutral attack]] (first hit), {{mvsub|Mewtwo|SSBM|up smash}} and {{mvsub|Mewtwo|SSBM|neutral aerial}} (excluding their respective final hits).

*{{CharHead|Mr. Game & Watch|SSBM|hsize=20px}}'s {{mvsub|Mr. Game & Watch|SSBM|neutral attack}} (first hit and infinite) and [[Judge]] #8.

*{{CharHead|Ness|SSBM|hsize=20px}}'s {{mvsub|Ness|SSBM|dash attack}} (first two hits).

*{{CharHead|Jigglypuff|SSBM|hsize=20px}}'s {{mvsub|Jigglypuff|SSBM|down throw}} (first four hits).

*{{CharHead|Kirby|SSBM|hsize=20px}}'s {{mvsub|Kirby|SSBM|down aerial}} (landing hitbox), {{b|Hammer|move}} (in the air), [[Final Cutter]] (up and down cuts) and {{mvsub|Kirby|SSBM|down throw}} (first nine kicks).

*{{CharHead|Link|SSBM|hsize=20px}}'s {{mvsub|Link|SSBM|up smash}} (first two hits) and [[Link (SSBM)/Up special|Spin Attack]] (air, all but final hit).

*{{CharHead|Luigi|SSBM|hsize=20px}}'s {{mvsub|Luigi|SSBM|neutral attack}} (first and second hits), down angled {{mvsub|Luigi|SSBM|forward tilt}} and {{mvsub|Luigi|SSBM|taunt}}.

*{{CharHead|Peach|SSBM|hsize=20px}}'s [[Peach (SSBM)/Neutral attack/Hit 1|neutral attack]] (first hit) and [[Peach Parasol]] (first hit).

*{{CharHead|Pichu|SSBM|hsize=20px}}'s {{mvsub|Pichu|SSBM|forward aerial}}.

*{{CharHead|Pikachu|SSBM|hsize=20px}}'s {{mvsub|Pikachu|SSBM|forward aerial}}.

*{{CharHead|Roy|SSBM|hsize=20px}}'s {{mvsub|Roy|SSBM|up smash}} (multihits), [[Roy (SSBM)/Side special|Double-Edge Dance]] (hit 3 down, all but final hit) and [[Roy (SSBM)/Up special|Blazer]].

*{{CharHead|Samus|SSBM|hsize=20px}}'s {{mvsub|Samus|SSBB|up aerial}} (all but final hit) and [[Samus (SSBM)/Up special|Screw Attack]] (ground, final hit only).

*{{CharHead|Sheik|SSBM|hsize=20px}}'s {{mvsub|Sheik|SSBM|forward smash}} (first hit).

*{{CharHead|Yoshi|SSBM|hsize=20px}}'s {{mvsub|Yoshi|SSBM|down tilt}}.

*{{CharHead|Young Link|SSBM|hsize=20px}}'s {{mvsub|Young Link|SSBM|forward smash}} (first hit), {{mvsub|Young Link|SSBM|up smash}} (first two hits) and [[Young Link (SSBM)/Up special|Spin Attack]] (air, all but final hit).

*{{CharHead|Zelda|SSBM|hsize=20px}}'s {{mvsub|Zelda|SSBM|forward smash}}, {{mvsub|Zelda|SSBM|up smash}}, {{mvsub|Zelda|SSBM|neutral aerial}} (excluding their respective final hits) and {{mvsub|Zelda|SSBM|down throw}} (flames).

*Many [[jab]]s, such as {{SSBB|Mario}}'s, have set knockback for all but their last hit.

*Many multi-hitting [[smash attack]]s have setup hits with set knockback (e.g., {{SSBB|Ness}}'s up and down smashes).

*All windboxes.

*{{CharHead|Bowser|SSBB|hsize=20px}}'s {{mvsub|Bowser|SSBB|down aerial}} (looping hits).

*{{CharHead|Captain Falcon|SSBB|hsize=20px}}'s {{mvsub|Captain Falcon|SSBB|neutral aerial}} and {{mvsub|Captain Falcon|SSBB|up smash}} (first hit of both).

*{{CharHead|Charizard|SSBB|hsize=20px}}'s {{mvsub|Charizard|SSBB|forward smash}} (first hit) and {{mvsub|Charizard|SSBB|up smash}} (first hit).

*{{CharHead|Diddy Kong|SSBB|hsize=20px}}'s {{mvsub|Diddy Kong|SSBB|dash attack}} (second hit), {{mvsub|Diddy Kong|SSBB|forward smash}} (first hit) and {{mvsub|Diddy Kong|SSBB|up smash}} (first two hits).

*{{CharHead|Falco|SSBB|hsize=20px}}'s {{mvsub|Falco|SSBB|up tilt}} (first hit), {{mvsub|Falco|SSBB|neutral aerial}} (all but final hit) and [[Falco (SSBB)/Neutral special|Blaster]].

*{{CharHead|Fox|SSBB|hsize=20px}}'s {{mvsub|Fox|SSBB|up aerial}} (first hit).

*{{CharHead|Ganondorf|SSBB|hsize=20px}}'s {{mvsub|Ganondorf|SSBB|down smash}} (first hit).

*{{CharHead|King Dedede|SSBB|hsize=20px}}'s {{mvsub|King Dedede|SSBB|up aerial}}, {{mvsub|King Dedede|SSBB|down aerial}} (excluding their respective final hits) and {{mvsub|King Dedede|SSBB|down throw}}.

*{{CharHead|Kirby|SSBB|hsize=20px}}'s {{mvsub|Kirby|SSBB|down aerial}} (landing hitbox), [[Final Cutter]] (up and down strokes) and {{mvsub|Kirby|SSBB|down throw}} (first nine kicks).

*{{CharHead|Link|SSBB|hsize=20px}}'s {{mvsub|Link|SSBB|up smash}} (first two hits) and {{mvsub|Link|SSBB|back aerial}} (first hit).

*{{CharHead|Mario|SSBB|hsize=20px}}'s [[Mario (SSBB)/Down aerial|Mario Tornado]] and [[Mario (SSBB)/Up special|Super Jump Punch]] (excluding their respective final hits).

*{{CharHead|Marth|SSBB|hsize=20px}}'s {{mvsub|Marth|SSBB|up smash}} (launcher).

*{{CharHead|Meta Knight|SSBB|hsize=20px}}'s {{mvsub|Meta Knight|SSBB|up smash}}, {{mvsub|Meta Knight|SSBB|forward aerial}}, {{mvsub|Meta Knight|SSBB|back aerial}}, [[Meta Knight (SSBB)/Neutral special|Mach Tornado]] (excluding their respective final hits) and {{mvsub|Meta Knight|SSBB|down throw}} (first nine kicks).

*{{CharHead|Mr. Game & Watch|SSBB|hsize=20px}}'s {{mvsub|Mr. Game & Watch|SSBB|neutral aerial}} (all but final hit) and [[Judge]] #8.

*{{CharHead|Toon Link|SSBB|hsize=20px}}'s {{mvsub|Toon Link|SSBB|forward smash}} (first hit).

*{{CharHead|Wario|SSBB|hsize=20px}}'s {{mvsub|Wario|SSBB|down aerial}} (looping hits).

*{{CharHead|Wolf|SSBB|hsize=20px}}'s {{mvsub|Wolf|SSBB|neutral aerial}} (3rd hit onward) and {{b|Reflector|Wolf}}.

*{{CharHead|Zero Suit Samus|SSBB|hsize=20px}}'s {{mvsub|Zero Suit Samus|SSBB|up smash}} (launcher).

*Many neutral attacks, such as {{SSB4|Mario}}'s, have set knockback for all but their last hit.

*All windboxes, except for {{SSB4|Mr. Game & Watch}}'s {{mvsub|Mr. Game & Watch|SSB4|down tilt}}, {{SSB4|Ike}}'s [[Tempest]], and {{SSB4|Greninja}}'s {{mvsub|Greninja|SSB4|up special}} and down taunt.

*{{CharHead|Bayonetta|SSB4|hsize=20px}}'s [[Bayonetta (SSBU)/Neutral attack/Infinite|neutral attack infinite]] (rapid jab and first hit of finisher), {{mvsub|Bayonetta|SSB4|up tilt}} (early launcher), {{mvsub|Bayonetta|SSB4|down smash}} (Bayonetta's foot) and late [[After Burner Kick]].

*{{CharHead|Bowser|SSB4|hsize=20px}}'s {{mvsub|Bowser|SSB4|down smash}} (first hit), [[Bowser (SSB4)/Up special|Whirling Fortress]] (ground, all but final hit) and [[Bowser (SSB4)/Down special|Bowser Bomb]] (scooping hitbox).

*{{CharHead|Bowser Jr.|SSB4|hsize=20px}}'s [[Mechakoopa]] (first hit).

*{{CharHead|Captain Falcon|SSB4|hsize=20px}}'s {{mvsub|Captain Falcon|SSBM|up smash}} and {{mvsub|Captain Falcon|SSB4|neutral aerial}} (first hit of both).

*{{CharHead|Charizard|SSB4|hsize=20px}}'s {{mvsub|Charizard|SSB4|up smash}} (first hit) and [[Charizard (SSB4)/Up special|Fly]] (launcher and looping hits).

*{{CharHead|Cloud|SSB4|hsize=20px}}'s {{mvsub|Cloud|SSB4|forward smash}} (first two hits) and {{mvsub|Cloud|SSB4|down smash}} (first hit).

*{{CharHead|Diddy Kong|SSB4|hsize=20px}}'s {{mvsub|Diddy Kong|SSB4|dash attack}}, {{mvsub|Diddy Kong|SSB4|forward smash}}, {{mvsub|Diddy Kong|SSB4|up smash}} (excluding their respective final hits) and {{b|Banana Peel|move}}.

*{{CharHead|Dr. Mario|SSB4|hsize=20px}}'s [[Dr. Mario (SSB4)/Down special|Dr. Tornado]] (looping hits).

*{{CharHead|Falco|SSB4|hsize=20px}}'s {{mvsub|Falco|SSB4|up tilt}} (first hit), {{mvsub|Falco|SSB4|neutral aerial}}, {{mvsub|Falco|SSB4|forward aerial}} (excluding their respective final hits) and [[Falco (SSB4)/Neutral special|Blaster]].

*{{CharHead|Fox|SSB4|hsize=20px}}'s {{mvsub|Fox|SSB4|up aerial}} (first hit) and {{mvsub|Fox|SSB4|down aerial}} (excluding final hit).

*{{CharHead|Ganondorf|SSB4|hsize=20px}}'s {{mvsub|Ganondorf|SSB4|down smash}} (first hit).

*{{CharHead|Ike|SSB4|hsize=20px}}'s [[Ike (SSB4)/Up special|Aether]] (first and second hits).

*{{CharHead|Little Mac|SSB4|hsize=20px}}'s {{mvsub|Little Mac|SSB4|forward tilt}} (first hit), {{mvsub|Little Mac|SSB4|neutral aerial}} and {{mvsub|Little Mac|SSB4|up special}} (launcher).

*{{CharHead|Lucas|SSB4|hsize=20px}}'s {{mvsub|Lucas|SSB4|up tilt}} (launcher), {{mvsub|Lucas|SSB4|up smash}} (launcher) and {{mvsub|Lucas|SSBB|down aerial}} (hitbox ID 1 only, first three hits).

*{{CharHead|Luigi|SSB4|hsize=20px}}'s {{mvsub|Luigi|SSB4|down taunt}} and sourspotted [[Luigi (SSB4)/Up special|Super Jump Punch]].

*{{CharHead|Mario|SSB4|hsize=20px}}'s [[Mario (SSB4)/Down aerial|Mario Tornado]] and [[Mario (SSB4)/Up special|Super Jump Punch]] (first five hits for both).

*{{CharHead|Marth|SSB4|hsize=20px}}'s {{mvsub|Marth|SSB4|up smash}} (launcher).

*{{CharHead|Meta Knight|SSB4|hsize=20px}}'s {{mvsub|Meta Knight|SSB4|up smash}}, {{mvsub|Meta Knight|SSB4|forward aerial}}, {{mvsub|Meta Knight|SSB4|back aerial}} (against an aerial oponent) (excluding their respective final hits), [[Meta Knight (SSB4)/Side special|Drill Rush]] (first multihit) and {{mvsub|Meta Knight|SSB4|down throw}} (first nine kicks).

*{{CharHead|Pac-Man|SSB4|hsize=20px}}'s {{mvsub|Pac-Man|SSB4|down aerial}} (first three hits).

*{{CharHead|Peach|SSB4|hsize=20px}}'s {{mvsub|Peach|SSB4|dash attack}} (first hit), {{mvsub|Peach|SSB4|down smash}} (looping hits), [[Peach (SSB4)/Neutral special|Toad]] (all but first and final hits) and [[Peach (SSB4)/Up special|Peach Parasol]] (launcher and multihits).

*{{CharHead|Pikachu|SSB4|hsize=20px}}'s {{mvsub|Pikachu|SSB4|forward aerial}} and {{mvsub|Pikachu|SSB4|back aerial}} (both moves' looping hits).

*{{CharHead|Ryu|SSB4|hsize=20px}}'s held {{mvsub|Ryu|SSB4|forward tilt}} (first hit), tapped {{mvsub|Ryu|SSB4|down tilt}} and {{mvsub|Ryu|SSB4|up aerial}} (first hit).

*{{CharHead|Samus|SSB4|hsize=20px}}'s {{mvsub|Samus|SSB4|up smash}}, {{mvsub|Samus|SSB4|forward aerial}}, {{mvsub|Samus|SSBM|up aerial}}, [[Samus (SSB4)/Up special|Screw Attack]] (ground) and [[Samus (SSB4)/Up special/Custom 1|Screw Rush]] (excluding their respective final hits).

*{{CharHead|Sheik|SSB4|hsize=20px}}'s {{mvsub|Sheik|SSB4|up tilt}} (first hit), {{mvsub|Sheik|SSB4|forward smash}} (first hit) and [[Sheik (SSB4)/Up special|Vanish]] (reappearance hit).

*{{CharHead|Shulk|SSB4|hsize=20px}}'s [[Shulk (SSB4)/Up special|Air Slash]] (first hit), along with the first hits of {{mvsub|Shulk|SSB4|forward smash}}, {{mvsub|Shulk|SSB4|up smash}}, {{mvsub|Shulk|SSB4|up aerial}}, and {{mvsub|Shulk|SSB4|down aerial}}.

 

*{{CharHead|Zero Suit Samus|SSBU|hsize=20px}}'s {{mvsub|Zero Suit Samus|SSBU|up smash}} (launcher), [[Zero Suit Samus (SSBU)/Neutral special|Paralyzer]] and [[Zero Suit Samus (SSBU)/Up special|Boost Kick]] (all but final hit).

From ''Melee'' onward, there are certain attacks that deal zero knockback, causing damage as usual but not [[flinch]]ing, meaning that the hit character can still perform any actions while being attacked. Most attacks with no knockback can rack up damage quickly, as they can hit foes repeatedly without launching them away from their range. These moves can also be used to "steal" [[KO]]s from opponents in [[free for all]] battles, as while they do not cause knockback, they will take ownership of the KO on an already fatally struck opponent. Fox's [[Blaster]] is the most well known example of an attack with no knockback. Due to the fact that it does not deal knockback, it will not interrupt an opponent's moves or force them out of a [[punish]]able state such as being [[asleep]] or being stuck in the ending [[lag]] of a missed [[Rest]]. [[Idle pose|Idle]] characters in ''Brawl'' and ''SSB4'' will also turn around if they are repeatedly struck with moves that deal no knockback, which is noticeable with {{SSB4|Fox}}'s Blaster.

In ''Melee'', [[phantom hit]]s usually damage foes, but without any knockback. It is also possible for any character to receive no knockback from attacks by certain factors, such as by being [[giant]] and [[metal]] simultaneously on a low launch rate battle, and as mentioned above, armor will prevent characters from taking knockback while active.

*{{CharHead|Fox|SSBU|hsize=20px}}'s {{b|Blaster|Fox}} shots in both his neutral special and [[throw]]s (except his [[forward throw]]) in ''Melee'' onward.

*{{CharHead|Joker|SSBU|hsize=20px}}'s [[Gun]] (at a distance from Joker) in ''Ultimate''.

*The [[flower]], [[poison]] and [[curse]] statuses.

*The "crush" of {{SSBM|Master Hand}} and {{SSBM|Crazy Hand}} during their grab attacks in ''Melee''.

*Some consecutive-hitting attacks used by bosses (such as [[Rayquaza]]'s Thunder).

 

 

*{{CharHead|Bayonetta|SSB4|hsize=20px}}'s {{mvsub|Bayonetta|SSB4|neutral attack}} (all except infinite finisher), {{mvsub|Bayonetta|SSB4|forward tilt}} (hits 1-2), {{mvsub|Bayonetta|SSB4|forward aerial}} (hits 1-2), {{mvsub|Bayonetta|SSB4|down aerial}} (clean), [[Heel Slide]] (ground dash and last hit, air dash) and [[Witch Twist]].

*{{CharHead|Charizard|SSB4|hsize=20px}}'s {{mvsub|Charizard|SSB4|up smash}} (hit 1 clean).

*{{CharHead|Cloud|SSB4|hsize=20px}}'s [[Cloud (SSB4)/Neutral attack/Hit 2|neutral attack]] (hit 2), {{mvsub|Cloud|SSB4|forward smash}} (hits 1-2), {{mvsub|Cloud|SSB4|down smash}} (hit 1), [[Cross Slash]] (hits 1-4) and [[Climhazzard]] (most of non-Limit hit 2).

*{{CharHead|Corrin|SSB4|hsize=20px}}'s [[Corrin (SSB4)/Neutral attack/Hit 2|neutral attack]] (hit 2) and [[Draconic Ascent]] (loop hits).

*{{CharHead|Dark Pit|SSB4|hsize=20px}}'s {{mvsub|Dark Pit|SSB4|neutral attack}} (infinite loop).

*{{CharHead|Diddy Kong|SSB4|hsize=20px}}'s {{mvsub|Diddy Kong|SSB4|up smash}} (hit 1).

*{{CharHead|Falco|SSB4|hsize=20px}}'s {{mvsub|Falco|SSB4|up smash}} (hit 1 clean).

*{{CharHead|Ganondorf|SSB4|hsize=20px}}'s {{mvsub|Ganondorf|SSB4|neutral aerial}} (hit 1 clean (hitbox ID value 2 only)).

*{{CharHead|Lucas|SSB4|hsize=20px}}'s {{mvsub|Lucas|SSB4|down tilt}}.

*{{CharHead|Lucina|SSB4|hsize=20px}}'s {{mvsub|Lucina|SSB4|neutral aerial}} (hit 1) and [[Dancing Blade]] (hit 2 down, hit 3 down).

*{{CharHead|Marth|SSB4|hsize=20px}}'s {{mvsub|Marth|SSB4|neutral aerial}} (hit 1) and [[Marth (SSB4)/Side special|Dancing Blade]] (hit 2 down, hit 3 down).

 

A few moves not only treat the opponent's weight as 100, but also temporarily set their [[gravity]] to 0.085 and [[falling speed]] to 1.5, making their knockback even less character-dependant. However, since the gravity and falling speed alterations are temporary, the knockback is still heavily affected by them, and so the vertical KO power of such moves is heavily skewed towards fast-falling characters surviving much longer than heavy ones.

 

In ''Ultimate'', weight independence is now programmable from a standard flag within hitbox scripts, and as such its effect has been homogenised. If active, all fighters are treated as having a weight of 100 when calculating the attack's knockback, and a fall speed of 1.5 and gravity of 0.087 for the first 10 frames of the launch, before reverting back to a fighter's regular fall speed and gravity. Notably, this effect overrides the homogenised fall speed and gravity used by attacks which have an angle between 70˚ and 110˚.

*{{CharHead|Bayonetta|SSBU|hsize=20px}}'s {{mvsub|Bayonetta|SSBU|neutral attack}} (all except for the rapid jab and the second hit of the rapid jab finisher), {{mvsub|Bayonetta|SSBU|forward tilt}} (hits 1-2), {{mvsub|Bayonetta|SSBU|up tilt}} (hit 1), {{mvsub|Bayonetta|SSBU|forward aerial}} (input 1-2), [[Heel Slide]], [[After Burner Kick]] and [[Bayonetta (SSBU)/Up special|Witch Twist]].

*{{CharHead|Bowser|SSBU|hsize=20px}}'s [[Bowser (SSBU)/Up special|Whirling Fortress]] (ground) and [[Bowser (SSBU)/Down special|Bowser Bomb]] (first hit and spike).

*{{CharHead|Bowser Jr.|SSBU|hsize=20px}}'s {{mvsub|Bowser Jr.|SSBU|down tilt}} (hits 1-2) and [[Bowser Jr. (SSBU)/Up special|Abandon Ship!]] (hits 1-2).

*{{CharHead|Charizard|SSBU|hsize=20px}}'s {{mvsub|Charizard|SSBU|up smash}} (some of hit 1).

*{{CharHead|Chrom|SSBU|hsize=20px}}'s {{mvsub|Chrom|SSBU|up smash}} (loop hits), {{mvsub|Chrom|SSBU|neutral aerial}} (hit 1), [[Chrom (SSBU)/Side special|Double-Edge Dance]] (input 1-3) and [[Chrom (SSBU)/Up special|Soaring Slash]] (hits 1-2).

*{{CharHead|Mario|SSBU|hsize=20px}}'s [[Mario (SSBU)/Down aerial|Mario Tornado]] (loop hits) and [[Mario (SSBU)/Up special|Super Jump Punch]] (loop hits).

*{{CharHead|Pac-Man|SSBU|hsize=20px}}'s {{mvsub|Pac-Man|SSBU|up smash}} (hit 1) and {{mvsub|Pac-Man|SSBU|down aerial}} (hits 1-3).

*{{CharHead|Toon Link|SSBU|hsize=20px}}'s [[Toon Link (SSBU)/Up special|Spin Attack]] (air; all hits except final).

*{{CharHead|Villager|SSBU|hsize=20px}}'s {{mvsub|Villager|SSBU|up tilt}} (hit 1) and {{mvsub|Villager|SSBU|up smash}} (loop hits).

*{{CharHead|Wario|SSBU|hsize=20px}}'s [[Wario (SSBU)/Up special|Corkscrew]].

*{{CharHead|Wolf|SSBU|hsize=20px}}'s [[Fire Wolf]] (loop hits).

 

 

Lastly, some attack effects have weight independent properties, which include the [[bury]], [[paralyze]], and [[stun]] effects. However, only the bury effect can ignore [[armor|knockback resistance]].

Knockback stacking is the means by which knockback is applied to a target that has already been launched by a previous move. Depending on the game and situation, the new knockback can replace the old knockback entirely, have no effect at all, or have its properties merged with the old knockback. In games where knockback stacking is more common, it is an important aspect to consider for [[combo]]s, as a character will have already been launched when hit by a subsequent move, therefore altering the followup move's properties.

In ''Melee'', knockback stacking occurs if both hits are separated by 10 or more [[frame]]s, and if the target does not stay on the ground. Otherwise, the second hit's knockback completely replaces the first's. This can lead to noticeable scenarios where strong hits can be canceled into much weaker ones, which is mostly prevalent in [[team battle]]s or with certain [[item]]s. This also prevents knockback stacking in cases such as [[waveshine]] combos, when a character heavy enough to not be knocked down by {{SSBM|Fox}}'s [[shine]] is hit back and forth in opposing directions.

 

Knockback stacking for both hits is done separately for the horizontal and vertical components of their knockback. If both vectors have equal directions on one axis, the stronger component prevails, whereas if they have opposing directions, they are merged via vector addition. This often leads to the resulting knockback having a different angle than either of the previous hits alone. For example, if a character is struck up and right by a strong hit, then up and left by an equally strong hit, the character is sent straight up, due to the horizontal components canceling each other out. In this same example, if the second hit was stronger, the character would be launched up with the second hit's full vertical force, as well as weakly to the left. Knockback stacking occurs even if both hits come from the same character; as a result, there is often residual knockback from a previous hit in a combo, which must be taken into account when trying to follow up.

 

 

From ''Brawl'' onward, knockback stacking behaves much differently, and its effects have been generally minimized. It now only occurs if both hits come from different sources, and if the second hit's resulting launch speed is lower than 0.8× of the first hit's launch speed at the time the second hit connects. Additionally, the first hit's launch speed and hitstun are retained throughout, instead of being merged and using the second hit's (respectively), and the resulting angle cannot be DIed<!--confirmed for Smash 4 and Ultimate; not sure about Brawl-->. Furthermore, if the first hit's launch speed at the time the second hit connects is 2.65× of the second hit's or higher, the second hit's knockback is ignored, though it still applies [[hitlag]]. In any other case, the second hit fully overrides the first.

As a result of these changes, knockback stacking is generally no longer a factor for combos from a single character, and it is no longer possible for characters to cancel out strong knockback with significantly weaker attacks. However, [[hitbox]]es belonging to articles coded separately from a character, such as [[Bayonetta]]'s [[Wicked Weaves]], [[Fox]]'s [[Fox Illusion]], and all [[projectile]]s, are considered separate sources, and can thus be subjected to knockback stacking with physical moves from the character that produced them. In ''Smash 4'' and ''Ultimate'', this gives certain characters unique advantages with combo finishers, such as with [[Robin]] comboing [[Arcthunder]] (in ''Smash 4'') or [[Arcfire]] into his [[down aerial]]'s [[meteor smash]], or Bayonetta comboing her [[forward smash]] into her down aerial's meteor smash on a [[Witch Time]]d opponent; both of these setups cause the opponent to be launched at a [[Semi-spike|much lower angle horizontally]], better securing KOs near the edge if the meteor smash would otherwise cause the opponent to land onstage.

The resulting angle from knockback stacking is determined by the {{s|wikipedia|inverse tangent}} of both hits' added knockback vectors, with the vertical component divided by the horizontal component. For example, stacking Robin's Arcthunder (50°) and down aerial meteor smash (270°) results in an angle of approximately 17.6°. This also means that moves with completely opposing horizontal strengths cannot stack, while moves with completely opposing vertical strengths will result in a perfectly horizontal angle. Worth noting is that when determining whether two moves can stack, the first hit's launch speed takes the [[Knockback#Melee onward|gravity penalty]] into consideration, while the second hit's does not.

|'''1'''||{{CharHead|Bowser|SSBB|hsize=20px}}||490.8||14724

|'''2'''||{{CharHead|Donkey Kong|SSBB|hsize=20px}}||494.667||14840

|'''3'''||{{CharHead|Snake|SSBB|hsize=20px}}||499.367||14981

|'''4'''||{{CharHead|King Dedede|SSBB|hsize=20px}}||501.4||15042

|'''5'''||{{CharHead|Charizard|SSBB|hsize=20px}}||504.667||15140

|'''6'''||{{CharHead|Samus|SSBB|hsize=20px}}||505.333||15160

|'''7'''||{{CharHead|Ganondorf|SSBB|hsize=20px}}||508.467||15254

|'''8'''||{{CharHead|Yoshi|SSBB|hsize=20px}}||508.7||15261

|'''9'''||{{CharHead|R.O.B.|SSBB|hsize=20px}}||509.533||15286

|'''10'''||{{CharHead|Wario|SSBB|hsize=20px}}||509.867||15296

|'''11'''||{{CharHead|Ike|SSBB|hsize=20px}}||513.3||15399

|'''12'''||{{CharHead|Link|SSBB|hsize=20px}}||515.633||15469

|'''13'''||{{CharHead|Captain Falcon|SSBB|hsize=20px}}||517.133||15514

|'''14'''||{{CharHead|Lucario|SSBB|hsize=20px}}||520.033||15601

|'''15'''||{{CharHead|Ivysaur|SSBB|hsize=20px}}||520.833||15625

|'''16'''||{{CharHead|Mario|SSBB|hsize=20px}}||525.1||15753

|'''17'''||{{CharHead|Wolf|SSBB|hsize=20px}}||525.7||15771

|'''18'''||{{CharHead|Luigi|SSBB|hsize=20px}}||525.9||15777

|'''19'''||{{CharHead|Sonic|SSBB|hsize=20px}}||531.9||15957

|'''20'''||{{CharHead|Ness|SSBB|hsize=20px}}||532.367||15971

|'''21'''||{{CharHead|Pit|SSBB|hsize=20px}}||532.8||15984

|'''22'''||{{CharHead|Lucas|SSBB|hsize=20px}}||534.4||16032

|'''23'''||{{CharHead|Toon Link|SSBB|hsize=20px}}||536.2||16086

|'''24'''||{{CharHead|Diddy Kong|SSBB|hsize=20px}}||536.6||16098

|'''25'''||{{CharHead|Ice Climbers|SSBB|hsize=20px}}||536.967||16109

|'''26'''||{{CharHead|Peach|SSBB|hsize=20px}}||539.533||16186

|'''27'''||{{CharHead|Marth|SSBB|hsize=20px}}||546||16380

|'''28'''||{{CharHead|Zelda|SSBB|hsize=20px}}||550.467||16514

|'''29'''||{{CharHead|Olimar|SSBB|hsize=20px}}||556.267||16688

|'''30'''||{{CharHead|Sheik|SSBB|hsize=20px}}||558.5||16755

|'''31'''||{{CharHead|Zero Suit Samus|SSBB|hsize=20px}}||561.567||16847

|'''32'''||{{CharHead|Falco|SSBB|hsize=20px}}||561.9||16857

|'''33'''||{{CharHead|Kirby|SSBB|hsize=20px}}||565.5||16965

|'''34'''||{{CharHead|Pikachu|SSBB|hsize=20px}}||566||16980

|'''35'''||{{CharHead|Meta Knight|SSBB|hsize=20px}}||566.933||17008

|'''36'''||{{CharHead|Fox|SSBB|hsize=20px}}||573.367||17201

|'''37'''||{{CharHead|Mr. Game & Watch|SSBB|hsize=20px}}||574.133||17224

|'''38'''||{{CharHead|Squirtle|SSBB|hsize=20px}}||577.567||17327

|'''39'''||{{CharHead|Jigglypuff|SSBB|hsize=20px}}||589.1||17673

*All games have a knockback cap of 2500 (or a launch speed of 75 units per frame), fast enough to move from the edge of Battlefield to the center in less than one frame. ''Smash 4'' and ''Ultimate'' have a knockback cap for vertical attacks; equal to a vertical launch speed of 10, or a little over 330 units of knockback vertically. Additionally, attacks that surpass a vertical launch speed of 4.7 when crossing the upper blast line will cause [[Star KO]]s and [[Screen KO]]s to not occur.

*Through hacking, the value of damage dealt in the knockback formula can be a negative number, in which case the game will run the calculation as normal, and as such knockback will decrease with percent if the damage is less than -2. Furthermore, a negative knockback value can be calculated, although this will simply result in zero knockback being dealt.

*[http://smashboards.com/threads/stuff-that-most-of-us-know-but-which-isnt-really-explained-anywhere.291324/#post-11616346 A list of all moves with set knockback in ''SSB'' outside of items and get up attacks.]

**[http://rubendal.github.io/Sm4sh-Calculator/index.html??attacker=Captain%20Falcon&target=Mario&targetPercent=82&baseDamage=25&angle=361&bkb=0&kbg=90&hitFrame=53&faf=110&weight=98&gravity=0.08715&fallSpeed=1.5&traction=0.045&stage=Final%20Destination&visGameMode=training A link showing the minimum percentage needed for Falcon Punch to KO Mario from the center of Final Destination.]