Editing Knockback

{{ArticleIcons|series=y|featured=y}}

{{redirect|Launch|the Ultimate tournament|Tournament:Launch}}

[[File:SSB4 Knockback.jpg|thumb|As the damage meter goes up, so does the knockback of most moves, as seen here with {{SSB4|Mario}}'s [[forward smash]] on {{SSB4|Link}}.]]

'''Knockback''' is the measure of how far an attack sends its target. For most attacks, knockback increases as damage on a character increases. An example of an attack with high knockback is [[Bowser]]'s [[forward smash]]; it launches opponents very far, so far that at high damages it's more powerful than a [[Home-Run Bat]]'s [[smash attack]]. [[Pikachu]]'s [[neutral attack]], on the other hand, has very low knockback - it hardly sends opponents anywhere, even at ludicrous damages. Attacks with relatively low knockback tend to be good for [[combo]]s.

The knockback of almost every attack works in tandem with the target's [[damage]] - it increases as the target's damage gets higher. It is also affected by the target's [[weight]], [[gravity]], and a few other conditions (such as [[type effectiveness]]). While not the primary factor, the damage dealt by an attack is a significant factor in how much knockback it deals - this is the reason [[stale move negation|stale moves]] have less knockback than fresh ones, and the reason [[smash attack]]s deal significantly more knockback when fully [[charge]]d.

Each hitbox of a move has two knockback values: a '''base knockback''' and a '''knockback scaling''' (also known as '''knockback growth'''). Base knockback is the minimum amount of knockback the attack can deliver under normal circumstances, and knockback scaling is a factor that controls how much the knockback increases as damage increases.

 

 

In ''[[Melee]]'', the highest knockback delivered and received by each character is given in a match's [[results screen]], labeled as "Fastest Pitch" and "Top Speed" respectively, though the numbers lack meaning. In ''[[Brawl]]'', the velocity applied (in units per 1000 frames) is provided instead of the knockback value (though it's simply knockback divided by 0.03). The unit is given as "mph"; while this would presumably mean "miles per hour", this is obviously not the case, as a 1,000 mph hit would barely send characters anywhere. In {{for3ds}}, knockback units are again shown without a meaning, while in {{forwiiu}}, they are measured in "mph" as in ''Brawl'', though in a lower scale. Strangely enough, knockback for a same move between the two games is actually shown in different scales: {{SSB4|Ganondorf}}'s [[Warlock Punch]], for instance, scores 102 units of knockback against {{SSB4|Mario}} at 0% damage (without other modifiers) in ''Smash 3DS'', while scoring 53 mph under the same conditions in ''Smash U''. Despite these differences among games, they all internally use the same knockback measurement units in accordance to the knockback formula, as evidenced by moves with unchanged damage and knockback values throughout them (such as [[Jigglypuff]]'s [[back throw]] from ''Melee'' to ''Smash 4'') keeping their knockback identical.

 

The following table gives an idea of various knockback strengths:

|+Knockback values in ''Brawl''

|172.5||5750||The approximate knockback needed to KO from the center of {{SSBB|Final Destination}} with the [[Sakurai angle]] DI'd down.

|300||10000||Jigglypuff's [[shield jump]]

===''SSB''===

<big><math>\left ( \left ( \left ( \left ( \left ( {p \over 10} + {{p \times d} \over 20} \right ) \times w \times 1.4 \right ) + 18 \right ) \times s \right ) + b \right ) \times r</math></big>

===''Melee'' onward===

[[File:gravity knockback.gif|thumb|A demonstration of the effect of gravity on knockback, the Shulk on the left uses the hyper Speed Monado Art, increasing his gravity, and as a result, the knockback he sustains.]]<br>

 

Starting in ''Brawl'', a second formula is also used to alter knockback based on the target's [[gravity]]:

The result of this formula increases vertical launch speed if the target enters tumble. As a result, characters with higher gravity get launched faster than those with lower gravity, depending on how vertical the angle is, resulting in fighters with higher gravity stats having worsened vertical survivability, seemingly as an attempt to normalize the effect of combos and multi-hit moves on characters of differing gravity. This formula is also applied to moves that launch opponents downwards, though since vertical launch speed is negative in this case, the result of the formula effectively decreases it slightly instead, reducing the effectiveness of [[meteor smash]]es on fast fallers.

In ''Ultimate'', moves that launch at angles between 70° and 110° now instead cause characters' falling speeds to be homogenized to a set value of 1.8 during hitstun. Furthermore, the additional launch speed from the gravity formula is no longer applied. As a result of these changes, falling speed no longer plays as much of a factor on determining a characters' vertical survivability, and moves that deal vertical knockback are generally easier to survive compared to ''Brawl'' and ''SSB4'', thus making vertical survivability among the cast much more consistent than in previous games. Note that weight-independent moves do not homogenize falling speeds or use the different gravity value, so gravity and fall speed (especially the latter) still have an impact on the vertical survivability against those moves.

*'''p''' is the percentage of the target, counted after the attack's damage is added. In [[Stamina Mode]] this is set to 20.

**In ''Melee'', '''p''' is floored pre-hits percentage + sum of hitbox damage(s) dealt to the character that frame, including staling and other modifiers.

*'''w''' is the [[weight]] of the target. It is set to 100 if the attack is weight independent. Note that in ''SSB'', heavier characters have a lower weight value than lighter ones, in accordance with the formula.

*'''r''' is a series of ratios based on a number of factors, including:

**[[Handicap]] (in ''SSB'' and ''Melee'')

**Single-player mode conditions (e.g. in ''Melee''{{'}}s [[Event 24: The Yoshi Herd]], all {{SSBM|Yoshi}}s give x0.5 knockback while taking x3.7 knockback)

**[[Smash attack|Smash]] [[charge]] interruption bonus prior to ''Ultimate'' (x1.2, ''Melee'' onwards, applied if the opponent was charging a smash attack when hit)

**[[Type effectiveness]] (x1.1 for super effective, x0.9 for not very effective, specific to {{SSBB|Charizard}}, {{SSBB|Ivysaur}}, and {{SSBB|Squirtle}} in ''Brawl'')

 

 

 

 

This effect works depending on the distance required to KO the character rather than the actual strength of the knockback; for example, a forward or back throw towards a walk-off [[blast line]] will trigger the effect if the throw effectively KOs, even at low damage percentages where it would be otherwise very weak, while strong attacks launching foes from one side of the stage to the other will not display the effect if they don't KO, even if the knockback is strong enough to do so otherwise. Attacks that [[freezing|freeze]] do not produce this effect at any percentage, instead simply causing the screen to flash white. Meteor smashes also do not produce the effect until higher percentages.

 

The Deadly Blow activating does not necessarily guarantee a KO. The game does not consider stage walls, ceilings, or other obstacles that can otherwise change the trajectory of knockback (thereby preventing or causing a KO) when determining whether the lightning appears. [[Directional Influence|DI]] Is also not taken into account, meaning players can still save themselves after the effect is displayed if the attack can just barely KO them.

 

In ''Ultimate'', when a move is expected to end the match (that is, when all remaining opponents are on their last stock and hits the last character not already in lethal knockback or a [[Star KO]]), this effect is accompanied by a dramatic slowdown alongside a red background and a unique, much more intense sound effect, with the camera zooming in on the character. This is referred to as '''[[Finish Zoom]]''' by [[Masahiro Sakurai]] and his development team.

*Bouncing off a surface reduces knockback [http://smashboards.com/threads/detailed-throws-techs-and-getups-frame-data.206469/page-2#post-5956687 by 20%] in ''Melee'' and [http://kuroganehammer.com/Smash4/Formulas ''Smash 4''] and 15% in ''Brawl'' and 5% in ''Ultimate''. Landing a [[meteor smash]] or [[spike]] on a grounded opponent counts as a bounce, if enough knockback was dealt. Because the bounce occurs after the hit, the amount of [[hitstun]] suffered is not reduced a corresponding amount, meaning that downwards-hitting attacks tend to be excellent combo starters.

**In ''Melee'', bouncing off a floor from spike only reduces vertical component of knockback velocity by 20%. Meanwhile, bouncing off walls and ceilings reduces total velocity by 20%.

*In ''Brawl'', characters that take enough knockback to be sent [[tumbling]] will slightly damage opponents they run into while flying. This hitbox belongs to the character that dealt the knockback, and inflicts minor damage (usually from 1% to 4%) and knockback depending on how powerfully the character was launched. This is also present in ''Melee'' and ''Smash 64'', but only applies to characters who receive knockback after a [[throw]] (not counting [[special move]] grabs like [[Falcon Dive|Falcon]]/[[Dark Dive]] and [[Koopa Klaw]]). This property was later removed in ''Smash 4'', where launched opponents simply fly through other characters like in previous games.

**A similar effect is used against enemies in [[The Subspace Emissary]], [[Smash Run]] and [[Master Fortress]], known as [[careening]], or the '''cannonball effect''' in ''Smash 4''. When an enemy is defeated, it is sent flying at an angle (depending on the attack that KO'd it) and deals major damage to other enemies it runs into, before disappearing.

*Characters with [[armor]] will take no knockback, or reduced knockback.

*In ''Smash 4'', [[buried]] characters take 30% less knockback from attacks, provided these are strong enough to hit them out of said state.

 

'''Set knockback''', also referred to as '''fixed knockback''', is a property of some attacks where the amount of knockback dealt by the attack is always the same regardless of the damage the opponent has received so far, [[stale-move negation]], or how much damage the attack does. Moves with this property can be thought of as only having base knockback with no scaling, though this is actually not the case. Usually, set knockback is used for the first hits of a [[natural combo]] or multi-hit move, while the last hit deals normal knockback (sometimes called "scaling knockback" to contrast), to make it easier for the entire attack to hit regardless of the opponent's damage. While damage is not a factor for set knockback, the character's [[weight]] still is, so the terms '''weight-dependent set knockback''' or '''weight based knockback''' are sometimes used. Starting in ''Brawl'', the effect of Damage Ratios (Launch Rates) for fixed knockback was drastically reduced, to the point where the in game Damage Ratio setting would have only a small effect on their knockback. Additionally, Shulk's Smash [[Monado Art]] is ignored entirely in ''Smash 4''. However, other modifiers on knockback, such as rage, crouch cancelling, or smash attack charging bonus are still calculated normally, which in the case of rage can lead to unintended early KO setups in normal gameplay. In ''Ultimate'', the effect of both types of knockback modifiers on set knockback was removed altogether, so set knockback is much harder to modify.

*{{CharHead|Donkey Kong|SSB|hsize=20px}}'s {{mvsub|Donkey Kong|SSB|dash attack}}, [[Donkey Kong (SSB)/Up special|Spinning Kong]], and [[Donkey Kong (SSB)/Down special|Hand Slap]].

*{{CharHead|Fox|SSB|hsize=20px}}'s down angled {{mvsub|Fox|SSB|forward tilt}}, {{mvsub|Fox|SSB|down aerial}}, {{mvsub|Fox|SSB|up aerial}} (first hit), [[Fox (SSB)/Neutral special|Blaster]] and [[Fox (SSB)/Down special|Reflector]].

*{{CharHead|Jigglypuff|SSB|hsize=20px}}'s {{mvsub|Jigglypuff|SSB|down aerial}} (all but landing hit).

*{{CharHead|Kirby|SSB|hsize=20px}}'s [[Kirby (SSB)/Up special|Final Cutter]] (excluding the projectile), {{mvsub|Kirby|SSB|up aerial}}, {{mvsub|Kirby|SSB|forward aerial}} (all but last hit), {{mvsub|Kirby|SSB|neutral aerial}}, {{mvsub|Kirby|SSB|down aerial}} (landing hit), and [[Kirby (SSB)/Neutral special|Inhale]].

*{{CharHead|Link|SSB|hsize=20px}}'s [[up smash]] (first two hits).

*{{CharHead|Luigi|SSB|hsize=20px}}'s [[sourspot]]ted [[Luigi (SSB)/Up special|Super Jump Punch]], {{mvsub|Luigi|SSB|dash attack}}, {{mvsub|Luigi|SSB|down aerial}}, and {{mvsub|Luigi|SSB|taunt}}.

*{{CharHead|Mario|SSB|hsize=20px}}'s [[Mario (SSB)/Up special|Super Jump Punch]] (all but last hit), {{mvsub|Mario|SSB|down aerial}}, and [[Mario (SSB)/Down special|Mario Tornado]].

*{{CharHead|Ness|SSB|hsize=20px}}' [[Ness (SSB)/Neutral special|PK Fire]] (all but first hit).

*{{CharHead|Pikachu|SSB|hsize=20px}}'s {{mvsub|Pikachu|SSB|forward aerial}}.

*{{CharHead|Samus|SSB|hsize=20px}}'s {{mvsub|Samus|SSB|up aerial}} and [[Samus (SSB)/Up special|Screw Attack]].

*{{CharHead|Yoshi|SSB|hsize=20px}}'s {{mvsub|Yoshi|SSB|up tilt}}, {{mvsub|Yoshi|SSB|down tilt}}, [[Yoshi (SSB)/Neutral special|Egg Lay]], and [[Yoshi (SSB)/Down special|Yoshi Bomb]] (stars).

*All [[windbox]]es.

*{{CharHead|Bowser|SSBM|hsize=20px}}'s [[Bowser (SSBM)/Neutral attack/Hit 1|neutral attack]] (first hit), {{mvsub|Bowser|SSBM|down aerial}}'s looping hits and {{mvsub|Bowser|SSBM|up throw}}.

*{{CharHead|Captain Falcon|SSBM|hsize=20px}}'s {{mvsub|Captain Falcon|SSBM|neutral attack}} (first and second hits), {{mvsub|Captain Falcon|SSBM|up smash}} (first hit), {{mvsub|Captain Falcon|SSBM|neutral aerial}} (first hit) and his uncharged smash attack with a [[Home-Run Bat]].

*{{CharHead|Donkey Kong|SSBM|hsize=20px}}'s [[Donkey Kong (SSBM)/Down special|Hand Slap]].

*{{CharHead|Dr. Mario|SSBM|hsize=20px}}'s {{mvsub|Dr. Mario|SSBM|neutral attack}} (first and second hits), {{mvsub|Dr. Mario|SSBM|down aerial}}, [[Dr. Mario (SSBM)/Up special|Super Jump Punch]] and [[Dr. Mario (SSBM)/Down special|Dr. Tornado]] (excluding both specials' final hits).

*{{CharHead|Falco|SSBM|hsize=20px}}'s [[Falco (SSBM)/Neutral special|Blaster]].

*{{CharHead|Fox|SSBM|hsize=20px}}'s {{mvsub|Fox|SSBM|up aerial}} (first hit), {{mvsub|Fox|SSBM|down aerial}} and [[Fox (SSBM)/Down special|Reflector]].

*{{CharHead|Ganondorf|SSBM|hsize=20px}}'s {{mvsub|Ganondorf|SSBM|down smash}} (first hit).

*{{CharHead|Ice Climbers|SSBM|hsize=20px}}' {{mvsub|Ice Climbers|SSBM|down aerial}}.

*{{CharHead|Mario|SSBM|hsize=20px}}'s {{mvsub|Mario|SSBM|neutral attack}} (first and second hits), down angled {{mvsub|Mario|SSBM|forward tilt}}, {{mvsub|Mario|SSBM|down aerial}}, [[Mario (SSBM)/Up special|Super Jump Punch]], [[Mario (SSBM)/Down special|Mario Tornado]], (excluding their respective final hits).

*{{CharHead|Marth|SSBM|hsize=20px}}'s {{mvsub|Marth|SSBM|up smash}} (outer hitboxes).

*{{CharHead|Mewtwo|SSBM|hsize=20px}}'s [[Mewtwo (SSBM)/Neutral attack/Hit 1|neutral attack]] (first hit), {{mvsub|Mewtwo|SSBM|up smash}} and {{mvsub|Mewtwo|SSBM|neutral aerial}} (excluding their respective final hits).

*{{CharHead|Mr. Game & Watch|SSBM|hsize=20px}}'s {{mvsub|Mr. Game & Watch|SSBM|neutral attack}} (first hit and infinite) and [[Judge]] #8.

*{{CharHead|Ness|SSBM|hsize=20px}}'s {{mvsub|Ness|SSBM|dash attack}} (first two hits).

*{{CharHead|Kirby|SSBM|hsize=20px}}'s {{mvsub|Kirby|SSBM|down aerial}} (landing hitbox), {{b|Hammer|move}} (in the air), [[Final Cutter]] (up and down cuts) and {{mvsub|Kirby|SSBM|down throw}} (first nine kicks).

*{{CharHead|Link|SSBM|hsize=20px}}'s {{mvsub|Link|SSBM|up smash}} (first two hits) and [[Link (SSBM)/Up special|Spin Attack]] (air, all but final hit).

*{{CharHead|Luigi|SSBM|hsize=20px}}'s {{mvsub|Luigi|SSBM|neutral attack}} (first and second hits), down angled {{mvsub|Luigi|SSBM|forward tilt}} and {{mvsub|Luigi|SSBM|taunt}}.

*{{CharHead|Peach|SSBM|hsize=20px}}'s [[Peach (SSBM)/Neutral attack/Hit 1|neutral attack]] (first hit) and [[Peach Parasol]] (first hit).

*{{CharHead|Pichu|SSBM|hsize=20px}}'s {{mvsub|Pichu|SSBM|forward aerial}}.

*{{CharHead|Roy|SSBM|hsize=20px}}'s {{mvsub|Roy|SSBM|up smash}} (multihits), [[Roy (SSBM)/Side special|Double-Edge Dance]] (hit 3 down, all but final hit) and [[Roy (SSBM)/Up special|Blazer]].

*{{CharHead|Samus|SSBM|hsize=20px}}'s {{mvsub|Samus|SSBB|up aerial}} (all but final hit) and [[Samus (SSBM)/Up special|Screw Attack]] (ground, final hit only).

*{{CharHead|Sheik|SSBM|hsize=20px}}'s {{mvsub|Sheik|SSBM|forward smash}} (first hit).

*{{CharHead|Yoshi|SSBM|hsize=20px}}'s {{mvsub|Yoshi|SSBM|down tilt}}.

*{{CharHead|Young Link|SSBM|hsize=20px}}'s {{mvsub|Young Link|SSBM|forward smash}} (first hit), {{mvsub|Young Link|SSBM|up smash}} (first two hits) and [[Young Link (SSBM)/Up special|Spin Attack]] (air, all but final hit).

*{{CharHead|Zelda|SSBM|hsize=20px}}'s {{mvsub|Zelda|SSBM|forward smash}}, {{mvsub|Zelda|SSBM|up smash}}, {{mvsub|Zelda|SSBM|neutral aerial}} (excluding their respective final hits) and {{mvsub|Zelda|SSBM|down throw}} (flames).

*[[Red Shell]].

*Many [[jab]]s, such as {{SSBB|Mario}}'s, have set knockback for all but their last hit.

*Many multi-hitting [[smash attack]]s have setup hits with set knockback (e.g., {{SSBB|Ness}}'s up and down smashes).

*{{CharHead|Charizard|SSBB|hsize=20px}}'s {{mvsub|Charizard|SSBB|forward smash}} (first hit) and {{mvsub|Charizard|SSBB|up smash}} (first hit).

*{{CharHead|Falco|SSBB|hsize=20px}}'s {{mvsub|Falco|SSBB|up tilt}} (first hit), {{mvsub|Falco|SSBB|neutral aerial}} (all but final hit) and [[Falco (SSBB)/Neutral special|Blaster]].

*{{CharHead|King Dedede|SSBB|hsize=20px}}'s {{mvsub|King Dedede|SSBB|up aerial}}, {{mvsub|King Dedede|SSBB|down aerial}} (excluding their respective final hits) and {{mvsub|King Dedede|SSBB|down throw}}.

*{{CharHead|Kirby|SSBB|hsize=20px}}'s {{mvsub|Kirby|SSBB|down aerial}} (landing hitbox), [[Final Cutter]] (up and down strokes) and {{mvsub|Kirby|SSBB|down throw}} (first nine kicks).

*{{CharHead|Link|SSBB|hsize=20px}}'s {{mvsub|Link|SSBB|up smash}} (first two hits) and {{mvsub|Link|SSBB|back aerial}} (first hit).

*{{CharHead|Luigi|SSBB|hsize=20px}}'s down angled {{mvsub|Luigi|SSBB|forward tilt}}, {{mvsub|Luigi|SSBB|down taunt}} and sourspotted [[Luigi (SSBB)/Up special|Super Jump Punch]].

*{{CharHead|Mr. Game & Watch|SSBB|hsize=20px}}'s {{mvsub|Mr. Game & Watch|SSBB|neutral aerial}} (all but final hit) and [[Judge]] #8.

*{{CharHead|Toon Link|SSBB|hsize=20px}}'s {{mvsub|Toon Link|SSBB|forward smash}} (first hit).

 

*All windboxes, except for {{SSB4|Mr. Game & Watch}}'s {{mvsub|Mr. Game & Watch|SSB4|down tilt}}, {{SSB4|Ike}}'s [[Tempest]], and {{SSB4|Greninja}}'s {{mvsub|Greninja|SSB4|up special}} and down taunt.

*{{CharHead|Cloud|SSB4|hsize=20px}}'s {{mvsub|Cloud|SSB4|forward smash}} (first two hits) and {{mvsub|Cloud|SSB4|down smash}} (first hit).

*{{CharHead|Falco|SSB4|hsize=20px}}'s {{mvsub|Falco|SSB4|up tilt}} (first hit), {{mvsub|Falco|SSB4|neutral aerial}}, {{mvsub|Falco|SSB4|forward aerial}} (excluding their respective final hits) and [[Falco (SSB4)/Neutral special|Blaster]].

*{{CharHead|Fox|SSB4|hsize=20px}}'s {{mvsub|Fox|SSB4|up aerial}} (first hit) and {{mvsub|Fox|SSB4|down aerial}} (excluding final hit).

*{{CharHead|Ganondorf|SSB4|hsize=20px}}'s {{mvsub|Ganondorf|SSB4|down smash}} (first hit).

*{{CharHead|Kirby|SSB4|hsize=20px}}'s {{mvsub|Kirby|SSB4|down aerial}} (landing hitbox), [[Final Cutter]] (up and down slices) and {{mvsub|Kirby|SSB4|down throw}} (all kicks).

*{{CharHead|Link|SSB4|hsize=20px}}'s {{mvsub|Link|SSB4|up smash}} (first two hits), {{mvsub|Link|SSB4|back aerial}} (first hit) and [[Link (SSB4)/Up special|Spin Attack]] (air, all but final hit).

*{{CharHead|Little Mac|SSB4|hsize=20px}}'s {{mvsub|Little Mac|SSB4|forward tilt}} (first hit), {{mvsub|Little Mac|SSB4|neutral aerial}} and {{mvsub|Little Mac|SSB4|up special}} (launcher).

*{{CharHead|Lucas|SSB4|hsize=20px}}'s {{mvsub|Lucas|SSB4|up tilt}} (launcher), {{mvsub|Lucas|SSB4|up smash}} (launcher) and {{mvsub|Lucas|SSBB|down aerial}} (hitbox ID 1 only, first three hits).

*{{CharHead|Luigi|SSB4|hsize=20px}}'s {{mvsub|Luigi|SSB4|down taunt}} and sourspotted [[Luigi (SSB4)/Up special|Super Jump Punch]].

*{{CharHead|Mario|SSB4|hsize=20px}}'s [[Mario (SSB4)/Down aerial|Mario Tornado]] and [[Mario (SSB4)/Up special|Super Jump Punch]] (first five hits for both).

*{{CharHead|Marth|SSB4|hsize=20px}}'s {{mvsub|Marth|SSB4|up smash}} (launcher).

*{{CharHead|Meta Knight|SSB4|hsize=20px}}'s {{mvsub|Meta Knight|SSB4|up smash}}, {{mvsub|Meta Knight|SSB4|forward aerial}}, {{mvsub|Meta Knight|SSB4|back aerial}} (against an aerial oponent) (excluding their respective final hits), [[Meta Knight (SSB4)/Side special|Drill Rush]] (first multihit) and {{mvsub|Meta Knight|SSB4|down throw}} (first nine kicks).

*{{CharHead|Mr. Game & Watch|SSB4|hsize=20px}}'s {{mvsub|Mr. Game & Watch|SSB4|neutral aerial}} (all but final hit), {{mvsub|Mr. Game & Watch|SSB4|back aerial}} (hitbox ID 1 only, looping hits) and [[Mr. Game & Watch (SSB4)/Side special|Judge]] #8.

*{{CharHead|Ness|SSB4|hsize=20px}}'s {{mvsub|Ness|SSB4|dash attack}} (first two hits) and {{mvsub|Ness|SSB4|down smash}} (first, third and fourth hits).

*{{CharHead|Peach|SSB4|hsize=20px}}'s {{mvsub|Peach|SSB4|dash attack}} (first hit), {{mvsub|Peach|SSB4|down smash}} (looping hits), [[Peach (SSB4)/Neutral special|Toad]] (all but first and final hits) and [[Peach (SSB4)/Up special|Peach Parasol]] (launcher and multihits).

*{{CharHead|Pikachu|SSB4|hsize=20px}}'s {{mvsub|Pikachu|SSB4|forward aerial}} and {{mvsub|Pikachu|SSB4|back aerial}} (both moves' looping hits).

*{{CharHead|Samus|SSB4|hsize=20px}}'s {{mvsub|Samus|SSB4|up smash}}, {{mvsub|Samus|SSB4|forward aerial}}, {{mvsub|Samus|SSBM|up aerial}}, [[Samus (SSB4)/Up special|Screw Attack]] (ground) and [[Samus (SSB4)/Up special/Custom 1|Screw Rush]] (excluding their respective final hits).

*{{CharHead|Zelda|SSB4|hsize=20px}}'s {{mvsub|Zelda|SSB4|neutral attack}}, {{mvsub|Zelda|SSB4|forward smash}}, {{mvsub|Zelda|SSB4|up smash}}, {{mvsub|Zelda|SSB4|neutral aerial}} (excluding their respective final hits) and {{mvsub|Zelda|SSB4|down throw}} (flames).

*{{CharHead|Zero Suit Samus|SSB4|hsize=20px}}'s {{mvsub|Zero Suit Samus|SSB4|up smash}} (launcher), [[Zero Suit Samus (SSB4)/Neutral special|Paralyzer]] and [[Zero Suit Samus (SSB4)/Up special|Boost Kick]] (all but final hit).

 

*{{CharHead|Captain Falcon|SSBU|hsize=20px}}'s {{mvsub|Captain Falcon|SSBU|up smash}} (first hit).

*{{CharHead|Charizard|SSBU|hsize=20px}}'s {{mvsub|Charizard|SSBU|up smash}} (some of first hit) and [[Charizard (SSBU)/Up special|Fly]] (launcher and looping hits).

*{{CharHead|Falco|SSBU|hsize=20px}}'s {{mvsub|Falco|SSBU|up tilt}} (first hit), {{mvsub|Falco|SSBU|neutral aerial}}, {{mvsub|Falco|SSBU|forward aerial}} (excluding their respective final hits), [[Falco (SSBU)/Neutral special|Blaster]] and [[Falco (SSBU)/Up special|Fire Bird]] (hits 1-8).

*{{CharHead|Ganondorf|SSBU|hsize=20px}}'s {{mvsub|Ganondorf|SSBU|down smash}} (first hit).

*{{CharHead|Incineroar|SSBU|hsize=20px}}'s [[Incineroar (SSBU)/Side special|Alolan Whip]] when failing and [[Incineroar (SSBU)/Down special|Revenge]] when countering an attack.

*{{CharHead|Ivysaur|SSBU|hsize=20px}}'s [[Ivysaur (SSBU)/Neutral special|Bullet Seed]] (clean and late launchers).

*{{CharHead|Joker|SSBU|hsize=20px}}'s [[Joker (SSBU)/Down special|Rebel's Guard]] when releasing.

*{{CharHead|Ken|SSBU|hsize=20px}}'s tapped {{mvsub|Ken|SSBU|forward tilt}} (close) and tapped {{mvsub|Ken|SSBU|down tilt}}.

*{{CharHead|Little Mac|SSBU|hsize=20px}}'s {{mvsub|Little Mac|SSBU|forward tilt}} (first hit), {{mvsub|Little Mac|SSBU|neutral aerial}} and {{mvsub|Little Mac|SSBU|up special}} (launcher).

*{{CharHead|Lucas|SSBU|hsize=20px}}'s {{mvsub|Lucas|SSBU|up tilt}} (launcher), {{mvsub|Lucas|SSBU|up smash}} (launcher), {{mvsub|Lucas|SSBB|down aerial}} (hitbox ID 1 only, first three hits) and [[Lucas (SSBU)/Up special|PK Thunder 2]] (looping hits).

*{{CharHead|Luigi|SSBU|hsize=20px}}'s [[Luigi (SSBU)/Down special|Luigi Cyclone]] (windbox), {{mvsub|Luigi|SSBU|down taunt}} and {{mvsub|Luigi|SSBU|pummel}}.

*{{CharHead|Marth|SSBU|hsize=20px}}'s {{mvsub|Marth|SSBU|up smash}} (launcher).

*{{CharHead|Meta Knight|SSBU|hsize=20px}}'s {{mvsub|Meta Knight|SSBU|up smash}}, {{mvsub|Meta Knight|SSBU|forward aerial}}, {{mvsub|Meta Knight|SSBU|back aerial}} (excluding their respective final hits), [[Meta Knight (SSBU)/Side special|Drill Rush]] (multihits), [[Meta Knight (SSBU)/Up special|Shuttle Loop]] (first hit) and {{mvsub|Meta Knight|SSBU|down throw}} (first nine kicks).

*{{CharHead|Ness|SSBU|hsize=20px}}'s {{mvsub|Ness|SSBU|dash attack}} (first two hits), {{mvsub|Ness|SSBU|up smash}} (charging hitbox), {{mvsub|Ness|SSBU|down smash}} (charge, first back hit and first front hit), {{mvsub|Ness|SSBU|up aerial}} (multihits) and [[Ness (SSBU)/Down special|PSI Magnet]].

*{{CharHead|Peach|SSBU|hsize=20px}}'s {{mvsub|Peach|SSBU|dash attack}} (first hit), {{mvsub|Peach|SSBU|down smash}} (looping hits) and [[Peach (SSBU)/Up special|Peach Parasol]] (launcher and multihits).

*{{CharHead|Pikachu|SSBU|hsize=20px}}'s {{mvsub|Pikachu|SSBU|forward aerial}} and {{mvsub|Pikachu|SSBU|back aerial}} (both moves' looping hits).

From ''Melee'' onward, there are certain attacks that deal zero knockback, causing damage as usual but not [[flinch]]ing, meaning that the hit character can still perform any actions while being attacked. Most attacks with no knockback can rack up damage quickly, as they can hit foes repeatedly without launching them away from their range. These moves can also be used to "steal" [[KO]]s from opponents in [[free for all]] battles, as while they do not cause knockback, they will take ownership of the KO on an already fatally struck opponent. Fox's [[Blaster]] is the most well known example of an attack with no knockback. Due to the fact that it does not deal knockback, it will not interrupt an opponent's moves or force them out of a [[punish]]able state such as being [[asleep]] or being stuck in the ending [[lag]] of a missed [[Rest]]. [[Idle pose|Idle]] characters in ''Brawl'' and ''SSB4'' will also turn around if they are repeatedly struck with moves that deal no knockback, which is noticeable with {{SSB4|Fox}}'s Blaster.

In ''Melee'', [[phantom hit]]s usually damage foes, but without any knockback. It is also possible for any character to receive no knockback from attacks by certain factors, such as by being [[giant]] and [[metal]] simultaneously on a low launch rate battle, and as mentioned above, armor will prevent characters from taking knockback while active.

*{{CharHead|Fox|SSBU|hsize=20px}}'s {{b|Blaster|Fox}} shots in both his neutral special and [[throw]]s (except his [[forward throw]]) in ''Melee'' onward.

*{{CharHead|Mario|SSBM|hsize=20px}}'s [[Mario (SSBM)/Down special|Mario Tornado]] in ''Melee'' (hit 1).

*{{CharHead|Dr. Mario|SSBM|hsize=20px}}'s [[Dr. Mario (SSBM)/Down special|Dr. Tornado]] in ''Melee'' (hit 1).

*{{CharHead|Charizard|SSBB|hsize=20px}}'s {{mvsub|Charizard|SSBB|forward aerial}} (furthest hitboxes) in ''Brawl''.

*{{CharHead|Snake|SSBU|hsize=20px}}'s [[Hand Grenade]]s (when striking the opponent without exploding) in all games.

*{{CharHead|Olimar|SSBB|hsize=20px}}'s antenna during his {{mvsub|Olimar|SSBB|neutral attack}} and {{mvsub|Olimar|SSBB|down tilt}} in ''Brawl''.

*{{CharHead|Mr. Game & Watch|SSB4|hsize=20px}}'s [[Short-Order Chef]] (some types of food) in ''SSB4''.

*{{CharHead|Olimar|SSBU|hsize=20px}}'s [[Pikmin Toss]] (except for Purple Pikmin) in all games.

*{{CharHead|Mario|SSBU|hsize=20px}}'s [[Cape]] in all games. While it has knockback programmed, the [[reverse]] effect overrides this, and instead adds a fixed amount of momentum to opponents. Will deal knockback to opponents hanging on the ledge in  ''Ultimate'', and puts opponents on the ledge into hitstun in ''Melee''.

*{{CharHead|Dr. Mario|SSBU|hsize=20px}}'s [[Super Sheet]] in all games. While it has knockback programmed, the [[reverse]] effect overrides this, and instead adds a fixed amount of momentum to opponents. Will deal knockback to opponents hanging on the ledge in  ''Ultimate'', and puts opponents on the ledge into hitstun in ''Melee''.

*{{CharHead|Bayonetta|SSBU|hsize=20px}}'s [[Bullet Arts]] (at a distance from Bayonetta) in all games.

*{{CharHead|Piranha Plant|SSBU|hsize=20px}}'s [[Poison Breath]] in ''Ultimate''.

*[[Togepi]]'s Leech Seed.

*[[Amaranthine gas]] in [[The Subspace Emissary]].

*Some consecutive-hitting attacks used by bosses (such as [[Rayquaza]]'s Thunder).

 

 

*{{CharHead|Bayonetta|SSB4|hsize=20px}}'s {{mvsub|Bayonetta|SSB4|neutral attack}} (all except infinite finisher), {{mvsub|Bayonetta|SSB4|forward tilt}} (hits 1-2), {{mvsub|Bayonetta|SSB4|forward aerial}} (hits 1-2), {{mvsub|Bayonetta|SSB4|down aerial}} (clean), [[Heel Slide]] (ground dash and last hit, air dash) and [[Witch Twist]].

*{{CharHead|Charizard|SSB4|hsize=20px}}'s {{mvsub|Charizard|SSB4|up smash}} (hit 1 clean).

*{{CharHead|Cloud|SSB4|hsize=20px}}'s [[Cloud (SSB4)/Neutral attack/Hit 2|neutral attack]] (hit 2), {{mvsub|Cloud|SSB4|forward smash}} (hits 1-2), {{mvsub|Cloud|SSB4|down smash}} (hit 1), [[Cross Slash]] (hits 1-4) and [[Climhazzard]] (most of non-Limit hit 2).

*{{CharHead|Dark Pit|SSB4|hsize=20px}}'s {{mvsub|Dark Pit|SSB4|neutral attack}} (infinite loop).

 

A few moves not only treat the opponent's weight as 100, but also temporarily set their [[gravity]] to 0.085 and [[falling speed]] to 1.5, making their knockback even less character-dependant. However, since the gravity and falling speed alterations are temporary, the knockback is still heavily affected by them, and so the vertical KO power of such moves is heavily skewed towards fast-falling characters surviving much longer than heavy ones.

 

In ''Ultimate'', weight independence is now programmable from a standard flag within hitbox scripts, and as such its effect has been homogenised. If active, all fighters are treated as having a weight of 100 when calculating the attack's knockback, and a fall speed of 1.5 and gravity of 0.087 for the first 10 frames of the launch, before reverting back to a fighter's regular fall speed and gravity. Notably, this effect overrides the homogenised fall speed and gravity used by attacks which have an angle between 70˚ and 110˚.

*{{CharHead|Cloud|SSBU|hsize=20px}}'s {{mvsub|Cloud|SSBU|forward smash}} (hits 1-2), {{mvsub|Cloud|SSBU|down smash}} (hit 1), [[Cross Slash]] (all hits except final) and [[Climhazzard]] (no Limit/some of hit 2).

 

 

Lastly, some attack effects have weight independent properties, which include the [[bury]], [[paralyze]], and [[stun]] effects. However, only the bury effect can ignore [[armor|knockback resistance]].

Knockback stacking is the means by which knockback is applied to a target that has already been launched by a previous move. Depending on the game and situation, the new knockback can replace the old knockback entirely, have no effect at all, or have its properties merged with the old knockback. In games where knockback stacking is more common, it is an important aspect to consider for [[combo]]s, as a character will have already been launched when hit by a subsequent move, therefore altering the followup move's properties.

In ''Melee'', knockback stacking occurs if both hits are separated by 10 or more [[frame]]s, and if the target does not stay on the ground. Otherwise, the second hit's knockback completely replaces the first's. This can lead to noticeable scenarios where strong hits can be canceled into much weaker ones, which is mostly prevalent in [[team battle]]s or with certain [[item]]s. This also prevents knockback stacking in cases such as [[waveshine]] combos, when a character heavy enough to not be knocked down by {{SSBM|Fox}}'s [[shine]] is hit back and forth in opposing directions.

 

Knockback stacking for both hits is done separately for the horizontal and vertical components of their knockback. If both vectors have equal directions on one axis, the stronger component prevails, whereas if they have opposing directions, they are merged via vector addition. This often leads to the resulting knockback having a different angle than either of the previous hits alone. For example, if a character is struck up and right by a strong hit, then up and left by an equally strong hit, the character is sent straight up, due to the horizontal components canceling each other out. In this same example, if the second hit was stronger, the character would be launched up with the second hit's full vertical force, as well as weakly to the left. Knockback stacking occurs even if both hits come from the same character; as a result, there is often residual knockback from a previous hit in a combo, which must be taken into account when trying to follow up.

 

 

From ''Brawl'' onward, knockback stacking behaves much differently, and its effects have been generally minimized. It now only occurs if both hits come from different sources, and if the second hit's resulting launch speed is lower than 0.8× of the first hit's launch speed at the time the second hit connects. Additionally, the first hit's launch speed and hitstun are retained throughout, instead of being merged and using the second hit's (respectively), and the resulting angle cannot be DIed<!--confirmed for Smash 4 and Ultimate; not sure about Brawl-->. Furthermore, if the first hit's launch speed at the time the second hit connects is 2.65× of the second hit's or higher, the second hit's knockback is ignored, though it still applies [[hitlag]]. In any other case, the second hit fully overrides the first.

As a result of these changes, knockback stacking is generally no longer a factor for combos from a single character, and it is no longer possible for characters to cancel out strong knockback with significantly weaker attacks. However, [[hitbox]]es belonging to articles coded separately from a character, such as [[Bayonetta]]'s [[Wicked Weaves]], [[Fox]]'s [[Fox Illusion]], and all [[projectile]]s, are considered separate sources, and can thus be subjected to knockback stacking with physical moves from the character that produced them. In ''Smash 4'' and ''Ultimate'', this gives certain characters unique advantages with combo finishers, such as with [[Robin]] comboing [[Arcthunder]] (in ''Smash 4'') or [[Arcfire]] into his [[down aerial]]'s [[meteor smash]], or Bayonetta comboing her [[forward smash]] into her down aerial's meteor smash on a [[Witch Time]]d opponent; both of these setups cause the opponent to be launched at a [[Semi-spike|much lower angle horizontally]], better securing KOs near the edge if the meteor smash would otherwise cause the opponent to land onstage.

The resulting angle from knockback stacking is determined by the {{s|wikipedia|inverse tangent}} of both hits' added knockback vectors, with the vertical component divided by the horizontal component. For example, stacking Robin's Arcthunder (50°) and down aerial meteor smash (270°) results in an angle of approximately 17.6°. This also means that moves with completely opposing horizontal strengths cannot stack, while moves with completely opposing vertical strengths will result in a perfectly horizontal angle. Worth noting is that when determining whether two moves can stack, the first hit's launch speed takes the [[Knockback#Melee onward|gravity penalty]] into consideration, while the second hit's does not.

|'''1'''||{{CharHead|Bowser|SSBB|hsize=20px}}||490.8||14724

|'''2'''||{{CharHead|Donkey Kong|SSBB|hsize=20px}}||494.667||14840

|'''3'''||{{CharHead|Snake|SSBB|hsize=20px}}||499.367||14981

|'''4'''||{{CharHead|King Dedede|SSBB|hsize=20px}}||501.4||15042

|'''5'''||{{CharHead|Charizard|SSBB|hsize=20px}}||504.667||15140

|'''6'''||{{CharHead|Samus|SSBB|hsize=20px}}||505.333||15160

|'''7'''||{{CharHead|Ganondorf|SSBB|hsize=20px}}||508.467||15254

|'''8'''||{{CharHead|Yoshi|SSBB|hsize=20px}}||508.7||15261

|'''9'''||{{CharHead|R.O.B.|SSBB|hsize=20px}}||509.533||15286

|'''10'''||{{CharHead|Wario|SSBB|hsize=20px}}||509.867||15296

|'''11'''||{{CharHead|Ike|SSBB|hsize=20px}}||513.3||15399

|'''12'''||{{CharHead|Link|SSBB|hsize=20px}}||515.633||15469

|'''13'''||{{CharHead|Captain Falcon|SSBB|hsize=20px}}||517.133||15514

|'''14'''||{{CharHead|Lucario|SSBB|hsize=20px}}||520.033||15601

|'''15'''||{{CharHead|Ivysaur|SSBB|hsize=20px}}||520.833||15625

|'''16'''||{{CharHead|Mario|SSBB|hsize=20px}}||525.1||15753

|'''17'''||{{CharHead|Wolf|SSBB|hsize=20px}}||525.7||15771

|'''18'''||{{CharHead|Luigi|SSBB|hsize=20px}}||525.9||15777

|'''19'''||{{CharHead|Sonic|SSBB|hsize=20px}}||531.9||15957

|'''20'''||{{CharHead|Ness|SSBB|hsize=20px}}||532.367||15971

|'''21'''||{{CharHead|Pit|SSBB|hsize=20px}}||532.8||15984

|'''22'''||{{CharHead|Lucas|SSBB|hsize=20px}}||534.4||16032

|'''23'''||{{CharHead|Toon Link|SSBB|hsize=20px}}||536.2||16086

|'''24'''||{{CharHead|Diddy Kong|SSBB|hsize=20px}}||536.6||16098

|'''25'''||{{CharHead|Ice Climbers|SSBB|hsize=20px}}||536.967||16109

|'''26'''||{{CharHead|Peach|SSBB|hsize=20px}}||539.533||16186

|'''27'''||{{CharHead|Marth|SSBB|hsize=20px}}||546||16380

|'''28'''||{{CharHead|Zelda|SSBB|hsize=20px}}||550.467||16514

|'''29'''||{{CharHead|Olimar|SSBB|hsize=20px}}||556.267||16688

|'''30'''||{{CharHead|Sheik|SSBB|hsize=20px}}||558.5||16755

|'''31'''||{{CharHead|Zero Suit Samus|SSBB|hsize=20px}}||561.567||16847

|'''32'''||{{CharHead|Falco|SSBB|hsize=20px}}||561.9||16857

|'''33'''||{{CharHead|Kirby|SSBB|hsize=20px}}||565.5||16965

|'''34'''||{{CharHead|Pikachu|SSBB|hsize=20px}}||566||16980

|'''35'''||{{CharHead|Meta Knight|SSBB|hsize=20px}}||566.933||17008

|'''36'''||{{CharHead|Fox|SSBB|hsize=20px}}||573.367||17201

|'''37'''||{{CharHead|Mr. Game & Watch|SSBB|hsize=20px}}||574.133||17224

|'''38'''||{{CharHead|Squirtle|SSBB|hsize=20px}}||577.567||17327

|'''39'''||{{CharHead|Jigglypuff|SSBB|hsize=20px}}||589.1||17673

*All games have a knockback cap of 2500 (or a launch speed of 75 units per frame), fast enough to move from the edge of Battlefield to the center in less than one frame. ''Smash 4'' and ''Ultimate'' have a knockback cap for vertical attacks; equal to a vertical launch speed of 10, or a little over 330 units of knockback vertically. Additionally, attacks that surpass a vertical launch speed of 4.7 when crossing the upper blast line will cause [[Star KO]]s and [[Screen KO]]s to not occur.

**Because of this vertical knockback cap in ''Smash 4'', if a fighter were to have an incredibly high fall speed and gravity, it would be impossible to KO them off the upper blast line (unless using an item such as a [[Beetle]]), no matter how much knockback they were given. This can be accomplished under specific conditions in the unmodified game, via the use of customs and special smash. In ''Ultimate'', this is only possible by meteor smashing opponents off the ground, as fall speeds are set to 1.8 during hitstun for launch angles between 70° and 110°.

 

 

*[http://rubendal.github.io/Sm4sh-Calculator/index.html? An online knockback calculator for ''Smash 4'', including a visualizer for launch trajectory and frame data stored for every character.]

**[http://rubendal.github.io/Sm4sh-Calculator/index.html??attacker=Captain%20Falcon&target=Mario&targetPercent=82&baseDamage=25&angle=361&bkb=0&kbg=90&hitFrame=53&faf=110&weight=98&gravity=0.08715&fallSpeed=1.5&traction=0.045&stage=Final%20Destination&visGameMode=training A link showing the minimum percentage needed for Falcon Punch to KO Mario from the center of Final Destination.]