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{{ArticleIcons|brawl=y|ssb4=y|ultimate=y}}
{{ArticleIcons|brawl=y|ssb4=y|ssbu=y}}
{{split|The effect and mechanic are entirely separate}}
{{disambig2|Lucario's fighter ability|the visual effect|Aura (effect)}}
{{incomplete|Missing Ultimate info}}
:''For the smasher, see [[Smasher:Aura]]''
[[File:Lucario Force Palm.jpg|thumb|250px|Lucario using [[Force Palm]], and aura attack]]
{{ImageCaption|File:Lucario Neutral B SSBB.gif|File:Lucario Neutral B SSBB Max Aura.gif|width1=200px|width2=200px|caption= Aura Sphere at 0% percent compared to 170% in ''Brawl''.}}
{{art-bulbapedia|Aura}}
{{art-bulbapedia|Aura}}
'''Aura''' is an attack [[effect]] in the [[Super Smash Bros. (series)|''Super Smash Bros.'' series]] that debuted in ''[[Super Smash Bros. Melee]]''. Characters hits by an aura attack temporarily emit blue flame-like energy.


'''Aura''' is also present as [[Lucario]]’s [[fighter ability]] that modifies the [[damage]] and [[knockback]] of Lucario's moves based on its current [[damage]], being weakened when Lucario is at low damage and strengthened when Lucario is at high damage. The aura mechanic only applies to Lucario (even if another character uses an aura attack), and starting in ''SSB4'', applies to all of Lucario's attacks regardless of whether they have the aura effect. When [[Kirby]] [[Inhale (Kirby)|copies]] Lucario's [[Aura Sphere]], he does not copy the aura mechanic; his Aura Sphere remains fixed at the power it would have if Lucario were at base aura strength (75% [[damage]] in ''Brawl'', 70% damage in ''SSB4'', and 65% in ''Ultimate'').
'''Aura''' (Japanese: '''{{ja|波導|はどう}}''' ''wave-guiding'') is [[Lucario]]'s [[fighter ability]] throughout all its appearances in the {{uv|Super Smash Bros.}} series. It modifies the [[damage]] and [[knockback]] of Lucario's moves based on its current [[damage]] percentage, weakening them at low percents and strengthening them at high percents. The aura mechanic only applies to Lucario, even if another character uses an attack with the {{b|aura|effect}} effect (including [[Kirby]] if he [[Inhale (Kirby)|copies]] [[Aura Sphere]]), and starting in ''[[Super Smash Bros. 4]]'', applies to all of Lucario's attacks regardless of whether or not they have the aura effect.


Aura attacks are boosted by Aura Attack [[sticker]]s in ''[[Super Smash Bros. Brawl]]''{{'}}s [[The Subspace Emissary]] and the Support [[Spirit]] skill Aura Attack ↑ as well as certain [[Spirit Battle]] [[conditions]] in ''[[Super Smash Bros. Ultimate]]''. Aura attacks are resisted by the Support Spirit skill Aura Resist ↑ in ''Super Smash Bros. Ultimate''.
==General properties==
[[File:Aura graph.svg|thumb|400px|A graph of how much damage aura attacks do based on the user's current damage.]]
The functionality of Lucario's Aura is determined by various factors. It has three main stages decided by specific damage percents; a '''floor''' percent, a '''baseline''' percent, and a '''ceiling''' percent, each with a specific damage multiplier that applies to Lucario's attacks. For example, in ''Brawl'', the floor percent is 20% with a damage multiplier of 0.7×, then the baseline percent is 75% with a multiplier of 1×, and finally, the ceiling percent is 170% with a multiplier of 1.4×. These damage multipliers are fully accounted for in the [[knockback]] formula, causing Aura to have a drastic effect on knockback, and therefore KO power. It is also worth noting that in ''Smash 4'' and ''Ultimate'', Aura stacks with [[rage]], further increasing the knockback inflicted by Lucario.


==Lucario's aura==
The percents and multipliers for the three stages vary from game to game, with the resulting Aura multiplier being linearly determined by the position of Lucario's current percent relative to these stages.
[[File:Aura graph.png|thumb|A graph of how much damage aura attacks do based on the user's current damage. Click for full-size version.]]
*Aura starts off at the floor percent, where Lucario's attacks deal much less damage than they are designed to by default. If Lucario is either at or below the floor percent, the power of its attacks matches the floor multiplier. Once Lucario exceeds the floor percent, its attacks gradually become stronger as it takes more damage.
===In ''[[Super Smash Bros. Brawl]]''===
*When Lucario reaches the baseline percent, its attacks reach 1× power, matching their programmed base damage. Once Lucario exceeds the baseline percent, the power of its attacks continues to increase until it reaches the ceiling percent, where its attacks become much stronger relative to their default level.
{{technical data|Stock lead/deficit factors}}
*Once Lucario reaches the ceiling percent, its aura cannot increase any further, regardless of how much more damage it takes.
In ''Brawl'', all of Lucario's aura-effect attacks are affected by the aura mechanic, which are all of his attacks except [[Extreme Speed]], [[dash attack]], [[back throw]], [[down throw]], and [[floor attack]]s. The strength formula is as follows:


[[File:Aura formula SSBB.png]]
In [[Stamina mode]], Lucario's Aura similarly increases the lower its HP becomes. The damage multipliers for all three stages remain the same, with the multipliers instead being tied to specific proportions of Lucario's remaining HP relative to its starting amount. For example, in ''Smash 4'' and ''Ultimate'', the floor multiplier is used when Lucario has 100% (all) of its HP remaining, the baseline multiplier is used when it has 50% of its starting HP remaining, then the ceiling multiplier is used when it has 10% of its starting HP remaining. In ''Brawl'', if starting with 1 HP, Lucario's Aura immediately reaches its ceiling multiplier.


where ''r'' is the percentage of the damage dealt (for example, if ''r'' is 80, the attack is at 0.8x strength) and ''d'' is Lucario's current damage.
In addition to Lucario's percent, there is another factor that affects its Aura level; the amount of [[stock]]s it has in comparison to its opponents, or score in a [[time]] or [[Coin Battle|coin]] battle, which is collectively referred to as its '''placing''' in the match. If Lucario's placing is different from its opponents', it gains an additional aura damage multiplier, which is factored alongside the multiplier obtained by its percent. This secondary multiplier is higher than 1× if Lucario is currently placing lower than its opponents, and lower than 1× if currently placing higher, further strengthening or weakening its attacks respectively. This allows Lucario's effective aura multiplier to be even higher or lower, although the resulting amount is still limited, with a minimum threshold of 0.6× and a maximum threshold of 1.8×.


Effectively, Lucario's attacks deal normal damage when it is at 75%, weakening to as low as 0.7x damage when it is at 20% or lower, and strengthening to as high as 1.4x damage when it is at 170% or higher.
In ''Brawl'', Aura multipliers only apply to Lucario's attacks that use the {{b|aura|effect}}; as a result, its [[dash attack]], [[back throw]], [[down throw]], and [[floor attack]]s are not affected. From ''Smash 4'' onward, the multipliers apply to all of Lucario's attacks regardless of their effect, although they still do not affect [[item]]s used by it. Additionally, all of Lucario's [[special move]]s except [[Double Team]] have other attributes improved as its Aura level rises; [[Aura Sphere]] and [[Force Palm]]'s wave grow drastically in size, while [[Extreme Speed]] has increased travel speed and distance.


It is known from the official ''Brawl'' website that aura is not only affected by damage percentage, but also by Lucario's placing in the match, making it stronger when it's behind (less stocks/points) and weaker when it's ahead (more stocks/points.) However, these numbers are not currently compiled.
==Technical specifics==
===Aura multiplier by percent===
The following table summarizes the percents, remaining HP proportions (in Stamina mode), and damage multipliers for each of the three Aura stages in each game. In ''Ultimate'', the ceiling aura multiplier was 1.6× prior to version {{SSBU|9.0.0}}.


===In ''[[Super Smash Bros. 4]]''===
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
In ''SSB4'', the effect of aura has been increased overall—the limits are more extreme, as are the multipliers at those extremes. All of Lucario's attacks are now affected, regardless of whether they have an aura effect or not.
!rowspan=2|Game!!colspan=3|Floor stage!!rowspan=2|Floor to baseline multiplier!!colspan=3|Baseline stage!!rowspan=2|Baseline to ceiling multiplier!!colspan=3|Ceiling stage
 
|-
[[File:Aura formula SSB4.png]]
!Percent!!HP left!!Multiplier!!Percent!!HP left!!Multiplier!!Percent!!HP left!!Multiplier
 
|-
Effectively, Lucario's attacks deal normal damage when it is at 70%, weakening to as low as 0.66x damage when it is at 0%, and strengthening to as high as 1.7x damage when it is at 190% or higher. Overall, this amounts to a [[buff]] compared to ''Brawl'', except when Lucario is at a minuscule 8% damage or lower.
!''[[Brawl]]''
|'''20%'''||80%||'''0.7×'''||'''Percent''': <code>1 + (p - 75) * 0.3 / 55</code><br>'''Stamina''': <code>1 + (50 - HP%) * 0.3 / 30</code>||'''75%'''||50%||1×||'''Percent''': <code>1 + (p - 75) * 0.4 / 95</code><br>'''Stamina''': <code>1 + (50 - HP%) * 0.4 / 20</code>||'''170%'''||30%||'''1.4×'''
|-
!''[[Smash 4]]''
|'''0%'''||100%||'''0.66×'''||'''Percent''': <code>1 + (p - 70) * 0.34 / 70</code><br>'''Stamina''': <code>1 + (50 - HP%) * 0.34 / 50</code>||'''70%'''||50%||1×||'''Percent''': <code>1 + (p - 70) * 0.7 / 120</code><br>'''Stamina''': <code>1 + (50 - HP%) * 0.7 / 40</code>||'''190%'''||10%||'''1.7×'''
|-
!''[[Ultimate]]''
|'''0%'''||100%||'''0.66×'''||'''Percent''': <code>1 + (p - 65) * 0.34 / 65</code><br>'''Stamina''': <code>1 + (50 - HP%) * 0.34 / 50</code>||'''65%'''||50%||1×||'''Percent''': <code>1 + (p - 65) * 0.67 / 125</code><br>'''Stamina''': <code>1 + (50 - HP%) * 0.67 / 40</code>||'''190%'''||10%||'''1.67×'''
|}


In addition to the above, the multiplier is multiplied again with a complicated factor based on Lucario's placing in the match and how many players there are (excluding CPUs). When Lucario's position changes, it takes 6.25 seconds for the new value to scale into full effect; if Lucario's position changes again during this time, the multiplier immediately skips to its new value. The mechanic is named Stock Aura by players. The extra multiplier ''s'' that Lucario receives from Stock Aura is determined by the following formula.
Overall, ''Brawl'' has the least drastic differences in Aura strength, also being the only game where it does not increase as soon as Lucario takes damage, while ''Smash 4'' has the most drastic differences, causing it to be [[buff]]ed overall. Aura in ''Ultimate'' is largely similar to ''Smash 4''{{'}}s, except the baseline percent and ceiling multiplier are slightly lower, as a respective buff and [[nerf]] to it.


[[File:Aura stock formula SSB4.png]]
[[Mega Lucario]] always uses an Aura multiplier of 1.8×, regardless of its damage percent or remaining HP, which is normally the maximum obtainable Aura multiplier for Lucario in combination with the secondary, placing-based Aura multiplier. This is because both Mega Lucario's minimum and maximum total Aura multipliers are set to 1.8×, rather than the minimum being set to 0.6×.


In this formula:
====Defense equipment modifiers====
*''p'' is the number of players in the game, excluding CPUs, with a maximum of 4. It does not count eliminated players or take team affiliation into account.
In ''Smash 4'' only, Aura has an additional wrinkle when Lucario is given Defense [[equipment]]. While the damage multipliers for all three stages remain the same, as does the floor percent, the baseline and ceiling percents (as well as HP proportions in Stamina mode) increase in proportion with Lucario's Defense stat, causing Aura to scale at a slower rate the higher Lucario's Defense is. However, a negative Defense stat does '''not''' conversely decrease these percents, so Aura scales at the same rate as with no Defense.
*''t'' is the number of stocks Lucario is trailing the leader of the match by, with a maximum of 2.
*''l'' is the number of stocks Lucario is leading the trailer of the match by, with a maximum of 2.


This formula has an additional wrinkle in modes other than [[stock]]. In [[time mode]], Lucario's lead/trail is equal to 1 until the difference between it and the leader/trailer is 5, at which point the lead/trail is 2. In [[coin mode]], the value is 0 when Lucario is even and 2 otherwise.
The following table summarizes the resulting changes to Aura's floor and ceiling percents with Defense equipment. Overall, the percents reach 40% of their total increase with 50 Defense, then 70% of their increase with 100 Defense, and finally max out with 200 Defense.


For practical purposes, the most common multipliers in serious play are thus:
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
{|class="wikitable"
!rowspan=2|Property!!colspan=4|Defense stat
!Placing!!Multiplier (2 players)!!Multiplier (3 players)!!Multiplier (4 players)
|-
|-
|Ahead by 2||0.8||0.727||0.667
!0 to 50!!50 to 100!!100 to 200!!Maximum
|-
|-
|Ahead by 1||0.888||0.842||0.8
!Baseline percent
|<code>70 + 0.112 * defense</code>||<code>75.6 + 0.084 * (defense - 50)</code>||<code>79.8 + 0.042 * (defense - 100)</code>||84%
|-
|-
|Even||1.0||1.0||1.0
!Ceiling percent
|<code>190 + 0.96 * defense</code>||<code>238 + 0.72 * (defense - 50)</code>||<code>274 + 0.36 * (defense - 100)</code>||310%
|-
|-
|Behind by 1||1.143||1.231||1.333
!Baseline HP proportion
|<code>50 - 0.04 * defense</code>||<code>48 - 0.03 * (defense - 50)</code>||<code>46.5 - 0.015 * (defense - 100)</code>||45%
|-
|-
|Behind by 2||1.333||1.6||2.0
!Ceiling HP proportion
|<code>10 - 0.016 * defense</code>||<code>9.2 - 0.012 * (defense - 50)</code>||<code>8.6 - 0.006 * (defense - 100)</code>||8%
|}
|}


Once all these factors are combined, the final aura multiplier cannot be lower than 0.6x or higher than 1.8x.
===Aura multiplier by placing (Stock Aura)===
With other players present, an additional Aura multiplier is factored into the primary, percent-based one, which is based on Lucario's placing in the match relative to other players. This mechanic, usually referred to as '''Stock Aura''', only applies between human players; it neither takes [[CPU]]s into account nor affects Lucario CPUs' Aura, and is by extension absent from single player modes.
 
[[File:Aura_Ult_VER12_0_0-001.png|thumb|300px|A table showing how Lucario's Aura scales with percent and stock difference in a 1v1 battle in ''Ultimate''.]]
Generally, the Stock Aura multiplier increases if Lucario is placing lower than other players, and decreases if it is placing higher than them. This factor is known as Lucario's '''rank''', and is stored as an integer ranging from '''-2''' to '''+2''', indicating a lower or higher placing than opponents, respectively. In [[stock]] battles, Lucario's rank directly correlates to its stock difference with other players; for example, in a 1v1 battle, if Lucario has four or more stocks and the opponent has two, the rank is +2, whereas if Lucario has one stock in the same situation, the rank is -1. In matches with more than two players, the rank is a sum of two values: Lucario's advantage over the last-placing player, and its disadvantage over the first-placing player, so for example, if Lucario has two stocks, a second player has one (+1), and a third player has four (-2), the resulting rank is -1. This calculation does not take team affiliation into account, but does count eliminated players as having zero stocks, so even if only Lucario and one other player are remaining with equal stocks, its rank will be +1 for each player eliminated from the game.
 
Every time Lucario's rank changes, the Stock Aura multiplier is updated to a certain value depending not only on the rank itself, but the amount of non-CPU players in the match, with an accountable maximum of four (even with more than four players present in ''[[Super Smash Bros. for Wii U|Smash Wii U]]'' and ''Ultimate''), and the difference in the multiplier's value being higher with more players. For example, with a rank of -1 in ''Ultimate'', the multiplier is 1.2× in a 1v1 battle, and 1.4× with four or more players, whereas with a rank of +1, the respective multipliers are 0.915× and 0.83×.


[[Mega Lucario]]'s aura attacks always deal 1.8x damage regardless of its current damage percentage.
Another important factor of the Stock Aura multiplier to consider, however, is that it does not update immediately whenever Lucario's rank changes, instead gradually scaling to the new value over a certain period of time. This period in [[frame]]s is determined by the formula <code>375 * players / 2</code>, with a maximum of four players (as specified above), so the multiplier takes 375 frames (6.25 seconds) to fully change in a two-player match, 563 frames (9.375 seconds) in a three-player match, and 750 frames (12.5 seconds) with four or more players. As an example of this gradual scaling, in ''Ultimate'', if Lucario's rank changes from 0 to -1 and it attacks within 150 frames (2.5 seconds), the resulting multiplier is 1.08×, as 150 frames are only 40% of the total 375 for the multiplier to fully increase to 1.2×, or with four players, 20% of the total 750 to fully increase to 1.4×. If the rank changes again during this period, the multiplier immediately skips to the previous goal value, then starts gradually scaling to the new value.


===In ''[[Super Smash Bros. Ultimate]]''===
Lastly, in modes other than stock, Lucario's rank is determined somewhat differently. In [[time]] battles, the rank is +1 if Lucario has from 1 to 4 more points than another player, and +2 if it has at least 5 more points than them; if it has less points, the same rule applies to the equivalent negative values. As each KO in time battles changes the score difference by two (the KO owner gains one point, while the victim loses one), a rank of -2 or +2 is reached with at least three uninterrupted KOs from either player. Conversely, in [[coin]] battles, the rank immediately changes to -2 or +2 if Lucario has less or more points (respectively) than another player, even with a difference of only one.
In ''Ultimate'', Aura has been slightly changed from how it worked in ''SSB4'':
* Lucario now reaches base power at 65%, down from 70%.
* Ignoring placing / stock differences, the maximum multiplier of his aura is now 1., down from 1.7×. It is reached at 190%.


The new formulae are '''r = 66 + (34/65)d''' for '''d ≤ 65''' and '''r = 100 + 0.48(d - 65)''' for '''65 ≤ d ≤ 190'''
====Formula====
* The values of the "Stock Aura" effect have been revised.
In ''Brawl'' and ''Smash 4'', the formula for the Stock Aura multiplier is <code>8 / (8 + rank * players / 2)</code>, with the rank and player variables functioning as previously described. In ''Ultimate'', the formula is changed to <code>1 - 0.085 * rank * players</code> if the rank is positive, and <code>1 + 0.2 * rank * players</code> if the rank is negative.<!--Values from Lucario's vl_params are 0.66 and 1.8; the factors used in the formulas are from (value - 1) * 0.25--> As a result, after fully scaling to their changed value, these are all the possible Stock Aura multipliers:
** In a 1v1 match, when Lucario is one stock behind he receives an Aura multiplier of 1.2, but the Aura caps at around 170% damage. If he is two or more stocks behind, the multiplier value is 1.4, capping around 120% damage.
** If he is one stock ahead, the multiplier value is 0.9, except below 12.5% damage, where Aura keeps the 12.5% value. During the match Aura effectively only starts to rise after 12.5% damage. If he is several stocks ahead, the multiplier value is 0.8 and aura starts to rise at around 25% damage.
** These values are still different when there are more fighters. In a 2v2 match, when Lucario is one or several stocks behind he always receives an Aura multiplier of 1.4, capping at 120% damage. If he is one stock ahead, the multiplier value is 0.8. If he is several stocks ahead, the multiplier value is 0.66. hytdyrtdr


==List of aura attacks==
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
===By characters===
!rowspan=2|Lucario's rank!!colspan=3|Multiplier {{GameIcon|ssbb}} {{GameIcon|ssb4}}!!colspan=3|Multiplier {{GameIcon|ssbu}}
{| class="wikitable sortable" width=70%
|-
!width=12%|Character
!width=50%|Move(s)
!width=8%|Games
|-
|rowspan=28|[[Lucario]]
|[[Neutral attack]]
|rowspan=20|{{GameIcon|SSBB}}{{GameIcon|SSB4}}{{GameIcon|SSBU}}
|-
|[[Forward tilt]]
|-
|[[Up tilt]]
|-
|[[Down tilt]]
|-
|[[Forward smash]]
|-
|[[Up smash]]
|-
|[[Down smash]]
|-
|[[Neutral aerial]]
|-
|[[Forward aerial]]
|-
|[[Back aerial]]
|-
|[[Up aerial]]
|-
|[[Down aerial]]
|-
|[[Grab]]
|-
|[[Pummel]]
|-
|[[Forward throw]]
|-
|[[Up throw]]
|-
|[[Edge attack]]
|-
|[[Aura Sphere]]
|-
|[[Force Palm]]
|-
|[[Double Team]]
|-
|[[Extreme Speed]]
|{{GameIcon|SSB4}}{{GameIcon|SSBU}}
|-
|[[Aura Storm]]
|{{GameIcon|SSBB}}{{GameIcon|SSBU}}
|-
|[[Snaring Aura Sphere]]
|rowspan=6|{{GameIcon|SSB4}}
|-
|[[Piercing Aura Sphere]]
|-
|-
|[[Advancing Force Palm]]
!2 players!!3 players!!4+ players!!2 players!!3 players!!4+ players
|-
|-
|[[Long-Distance Force Palm]]
!+2
|'''0.8×''' (8/10)||'''0.727×''' (8/11)||'''0.667×''' (8/12)||'''0.83×'''||'''0.745×'''||'''0.66×'''
|-
|-
|[[Extreme Speed Attack]]
!+1
|'''0.888×''' (8/9)||'''0.842×''' (8/9.5)||'''0.8×''' (8/10)||'''0.915×'''||'''0.8725×'''||'''0.83×'''
|-
|-
|[[Glancing Counter]]
!0
|colspan=3|'''1×''' (8/8)||colspan=3|'''1×'''
|-
|-
|[[Kirby]] (Copy Ability)
!-1
|[[Aura Sphere]]
|'''1.143×''' (8/7)||'''1.231×''' (8/6.5)||'''1.333×''' (8/6)||'''1.2×'''||'''1.3×'''||'''1.4×'''
|{{GameIcon|SSBB}}{{GameIcon|SSB4}}{{GameIcon|SSBU}}
|-
|-
|{{SSBU|Richter}}
!-2
|[[Holy Water]]
|'''1.333×''' (8/6)||'''1.6×''' (8/5)||'''2×''' (8/4)||'''1.4×'''||'''1.6×'''||'''1.8×'''
|{{GameIcon|SSBU}}
|}
|}


===By items===
Worth noting is that Lucario's minimum and maximum Aura multipliers (with both the percent-based and Stock Aura multipliers factored in) are still capped at 0.6× and 1.8×, respectively, so Stock Aura can cause Lucario to reach these caps drastically earlier, but not surpass them.
{| class="wikitable sortable" width=70%
 
|-
===Special move effects===
!width=12%|Item
[[File:ForcePalmAuraScaling.png|thumb|300px|Comparison between Force Palm's wave at minimum and maximum Aura in ''Ultimate''.]]
!width=50%|Attack
In addition to modifying Lucario's damage output, Aura also improves certain properties of its special moves. This only affects [[Aura Sphere]] in ''Brawl'', but extends to [[Force Palm]] and [[Extreme Speed]] as well in ''Smash 4'' and ''Ultimate''. The changes are as follows:
!width=8%|Games
*Aura Sphere becomes larger, and therefore has increased range and travel distance, the higher Lucario's Aura is, stacking with its ordinary size increase by charging. To achieve this, the sphere's scale is directly multiplied by the resulting damage multiplier from Lucario's Aura, so for example, in ''Smash 4'' without Stock Aura, it is at 0.66× of its default size with 0% damage, and 1.7× with 190% damage, for a proportional increase of 2.576×.
|-
**As [[Kirby]] does not gain Lucario's Aura via Copy Ability, his Aura Sphere does not increase in size as he takes more damage.
|[[Poké Ball]] [[Pokémon]]
*Force Palm's wave becomes larger much like Aura Sphere, increasing its effective range, though this does not affect the [[command grab]]'s size. For this, the wave's scale is multiplied by the result of the formula <code>1 + (aura - 1) * 1.12</code>, so for example, in ''Smash 4'' without Stock Aura, it is at 0.6192× of its default size with 0% damage, and 1.784× with 190% damage, for a proportional increase of 2.881×.
|[[Ditto]]: Transform (if the summoner possesses aura attacks)
**In ''Smash 4'' prior to version [[1.0.4]], the formula was <code>1 + (aura - 1) * '''1.2'''</code>. This results in a scale multiplier of 0.592× at 0% damage, and 1.84× at 190% damage, for a proportional increase of 3.108×.
|{{GameIcon|SSBU}}
**Additionally, in ''Ultimate'', a successful command grab triggers a [[Special Zoom]] with an Aura multiplier of 1.14× or higher, which corresponds to at least 91.12% damage without Stock Aura.
|}
*Extreme Speed travels at a faster speed, and thus covers substantially more distance, improving its [[recovery]] potential. The move's travel speed is determined by the formula <code>3.05 + 3 * aura</code>, so it is decreased by roughly 16.7% at the minimum Aura percent, and increased by roughly 33.3% at the maximum Aura percent, for a proportional speed increase of roughly 1.6×.
{{clr}}
 
==Origin==
[[File:Lucario movie aura.png|left|thumb|Lucario using aura in ''Lucario and the Mystery of Mew''.]]
{{iw|bulbapedia|Aura}} is a concept in the ''Pokémon'' franchise associated with Lucario, in particular in the movie ''[[bulbapedia:M08|Lucario and the Mystery of Mew]]''. It functions as a supernatural sense and can be channeled into the attack [[Aura Sphere]].
 
Unlike in ''Super Smash Bros.'', aura in the ''Pokémon'' franchise has no relationship to becoming more powerful when damaged. It has very little mechanical significance in the ''Pokémon'' games, mainly being mentioned in Pokédex entries and the name of Aura Sphere. Oftentimes, the existence of aura is presented as a theme when present, rather than a material ability. A black aura is associated with the corrupted Shadow Pokémon in ''{{iw|bulbapedia|Pokémon Colosseum}}'' and ''{{iw|bulbapedia|Pokémon XD: Gale of Darkness}}''. The player's aura is also read during the personality quiz in ''{{iw|bulbapedia|Pokémon Mystery Dungeon: Explorers of Time and Explorers of Darkness}}'', as well as ''{{iw|bulbapedia|Pokémon Mystery Dungeon: Explorers of Sky}}'' prior to becoming a Pokémon.
 
[[File:Ash Lucario Reversal.png|left|thumb| {{iw|bulbapedia|Reversal|move}} in ''Generation IV''.]]
The only mechanical relevance of aura in the core series games is the ability {{iw|bulbapedia|Mega Launcher}}, which powers up "aura" and "pulse" moves such as Aura Sphere and Dark Pulse, collectively referred to in Japanese with the term Hadō ({{ja|はどう|hadō}}). However, this ability is not available to Lucario, instead being given to artillery-themed Pokémon like Mega [[Blastoise]] and {{Pkmn|Clawitzer}}.
 
The moves {{iw|bulbapedia|Flail|move}} and {{iw|bulbapedia|Reversal|move}} work similarly to how Aura works in ''Smash'', being moves that increase in power when the Pokémon has less HP, going up to 200 base power, among the highest amounts possible prior to being boosted by other effects. Reversal has been learnable by Lucario since ''{{iw|bulbapedia|Pokémon Diamond and Pearl}}'', being learned at level 19 by Riolu; however, Lucario never directly learned it until ''{{iw|bulbapedia|Pokémon Sword and Shield}}'' via Move Reminder in Pokémon Centers or TR21.
{{clr}}


===By enemies and bosses===
==Gallery==
{| class="wikitable sortable" width=70%
<gallery>
|-
Lucario Final Smash SSBB Max Aura.gif|Lucario using [[Aura Storm]] at high aura in ''Brawl''.
!width=12%|Enemy/Boss
Lucario Neutral B SSBU High Aura.gif|Aura Sphere at max aura.
!width=50%|Attack(s)
Lucario Side B SSBU High Aura.gif|Force Palm at max aura.
!width=8%|Games
Lucario Side B SSBU Grab High Aura.gif|Force Palm command grab at max aura.
|-
Lucario Up B SSBU High Aura.gif|Extreme Speed at max aura.
|{{SSBU|Crazy Hand}}
Lucario Down B SSBU High Aura.gif|Double Team at max aura.
|Pentaflame
Lucario Final Smash SSBU Max Aura.gif|Aura Storm at max aura.
|{{GameIcon|SSBU}}
</gallery>
|-
|[[Dracula]] (2nd Form)
|Electric wave
|{{GameIcon|SSBU}}
|-
|[[Galeem]]
|X Bombs
|{{GameIcon|SSBU}}
|}


==Notes==
==Trivia==
*In ''Brawl'', it is a common misconception that aura attacks reach maximum power at 182% damage, not the actual 170% damage. This is due to [[Event 25: The Aura Is With Me]] placing Lucario at 182% to start the match, implying that 182% is the maximum.
*The Aura's visual effect around Lucario's hands grows as Aura increases. In ''Ultimate'', Lucario's hair will rise with more Aura, starting around 45% and reaches max height around 128%.
**A less common misconception is that each of Lucario's attacks has an individual aura cap. This is due to the game not displaying or otherwise acknowledging the presence of decimal figures, so for example an attack dealing a maximum of 9.8 damage can be believed to have capped earlier than one dealing a maximum of 9.0 damage.
**There is a bug in training mode where Lucario’s hair will stay at its maximum height regardless of percent if training mode has been reset.
*When Lucario has a high [[equipment|defense stat]], the aura grows more slowly. For each point in defense, Lucario needs to receive 1% more damage to reach maximum aura.
*In ''Brawl'', it is a common misconception that aura attacks reach maximum power at 182% damage instead of 170%. This is due to [[Event 25: The Aura Is With Me]] placing Lucario at 182% to start the match, implying that 182% is the maximum.
* The ''Ultimate'' tip about Lucario's Aura is somewhat misleading. It says its Aura becomes 2.5× when at maximum. This refers to the ratio between max Aura and min Aura (without stock differences), which is in fact around 2.45.
**A less common misconception is that each of Lucario's attacks has an individual aura cap. This is due to the game not displaying or otherwise acknowledging the presence of decimal figures, so for example, an attack dealing a maximum of 9.8% damage can be believed to have capped earlier than one dealing a maximum of 9%.
*In ''Smash 4'' and ''Ultimate'', a [[tip]] states Lucario's Aura reaches 2.5× of its normal strength when maximized. This refers to the approximate rate between the ceiling aura multiplier (1.7× or 1.67×) and the floor multiplier (0.66×), rather than the baseline multiplier (1×).
**The tip also mentions that it is possible for Aura to "grow even stronger", alluding to Stock Aura being able to increase the multiplier above the standard maximum of 1.7× or 1.67×.
*In ''Ultimate'', the modifiers for Lucario's aura percents via ''Smash 4''{{'}}s Defense equipment remain in its character files, although they are unused (even in [[spirit]] battles), unlike {{SSBU|Dr. Mario}}'s similar built-in equipment stats.
**Interestingly enough, the modified baseline Aura percent was changed from 84% to 32%, suggesting the values were still intended to be used at one point in development.


==References==
==References==
Line 192: Line 154:
*[https://smashboards.com/threads/aura-gym-the-ultimate-players-guide-to-lucario-w-i-p.466160/#post-22855733 Smashboards Ultimate Lucario Player's Guide]
*[https://smashboards.com/threads/aura-gym-the-ultimate-players-guide-to-lucario-w-i-p.466160/#post-22855733 Smashboards Ultimate Lucario Player's Guide]


{{Effects}}
[[Category:Effects]]
[[Category:Lucario]]
[[Category:Lucario]]
[[Category:Lucario (SSBB)]]
[[Category:Lucario (SSBB)]]

Latest revision as of 20:19, November 24, 2024

This article is about Lucario's fighter ability. For the visual effect, see Aura (effect).
For the smasher, see Smasher:Aura
Lucario Neutral B SSBB.gifLucario Neutral B SSBB Max Aura.gif
Magnify-clip.pngMagnify-clip.png
Aura Sphere at 0% percent compared to 170% in Brawl.

Aura (Japanese: 波導 wave-guiding) is Lucario's fighter ability throughout all its appearances in the Super Smash Bros. series. It modifies the damage and knockback of Lucario's moves based on its current damage percentage, weakening them at low percents and strengthening them at high percents. The aura mechanic only applies to Lucario, even if another character uses an attack with the aura effect (including Kirby if he copies Aura Sphere), and starting in Super Smash Bros. 4, applies to all of Lucario's attacks regardless of whether or not they have the aura effect.

General properties[edit]

A graph of how much damage aura attacks do based on the user's current damage.

The functionality of Lucario's Aura is determined by various factors. It has three main stages decided by specific damage percents; a floor percent, a baseline percent, and a ceiling percent, each with a specific damage multiplier that applies to Lucario's attacks. For example, in Brawl, the floor percent is 20% with a damage multiplier of 0.7×, then the baseline percent is 75% with a multiplier of 1×, and finally, the ceiling percent is 170% with a multiplier of 1.4×. These damage multipliers are fully accounted for in the knockback formula, causing Aura to have a drastic effect on knockback, and therefore KO power. It is also worth noting that in Smash 4 and Ultimate, Aura stacks with rage, further increasing the knockback inflicted by Lucario.

The percents and multipliers for the three stages vary from game to game, with the resulting Aura multiplier being linearly determined by the position of Lucario's current percent relative to these stages.

  • Aura starts off at the floor percent, where Lucario's attacks deal much less damage than they are designed to by default. If Lucario is either at or below the floor percent, the power of its attacks matches the floor multiplier. Once Lucario exceeds the floor percent, its attacks gradually become stronger as it takes more damage.
  • When Lucario reaches the baseline percent, its attacks reach 1× power, matching their programmed base damage. Once Lucario exceeds the baseline percent, the power of its attacks continues to increase until it reaches the ceiling percent, where its attacks become much stronger relative to their default level.
  • Once Lucario reaches the ceiling percent, its aura cannot increase any further, regardless of how much more damage it takes.

In Stamina mode, Lucario's Aura similarly increases the lower its HP becomes. The damage multipliers for all three stages remain the same, with the multipliers instead being tied to specific proportions of Lucario's remaining HP relative to its starting amount. For example, in Smash 4 and Ultimate, the floor multiplier is used when Lucario has 100% (all) of its HP remaining, the baseline multiplier is used when it has 50% of its starting HP remaining, then the ceiling multiplier is used when it has 10% of its starting HP remaining. In Brawl, if starting with 1 HP, Lucario's Aura immediately reaches its ceiling multiplier.

In addition to Lucario's percent, there is another factor that affects its Aura level; the amount of stocks it has in comparison to its opponents, or score in a time or coin battle, which is collectively referred to as its placing in the match. If Lucario's placing is different from its opponents', it gains an additional aura damage multiplier, which is factored alongside the multiplier obtained by its percent. This secondary multiplier is higher than 1× if Lucario is currently placing lower than its opponents, and lower than 1× if currently placing higher, further strengthening or weakening its attacks respectively. This allows Lucario's effective aura multiplier to be even higher or lower, although the resulting amount is still limited, with a minimum threshold of 0.6× and a maximum threshold of 1.8×.

In Brawl, Aura multipliers only apply to Lucario's attacks that use the aura; as a result, its dash attack, back throw, down throw, and floor attacks are not affected. From Smash 4 onward, the multipliers apply to all of Lucario's attacks regardless of their effect, although they still do not affect items used by it. Additionally, all of Lucario's special moves except Double Team have other attributes improved as its Aura level rises; Aura Sphere and Force Palm's wave grow drastically in size, while Extreme Speed has increased travel speed and distance.

Technical specifics[edit]

Aura multiplier by percent[edit]

The following table summarizes the percents, remaining HP proportions (in Stamina mode), and damage multipliers for each of the three Aura stages in each game. In Ultimate, the ceiling aura multiplier was 1.6× prior to version 9.0.0.

Game Floor stage Floor to baseline multiplier Baseline stage Baseline to ceiling multiplier Ceiling stage
Percent HP left Multiplier Percent HP left Multiplier Percent HP left Multiplier
Brawl 20% 80% 0.7× Percent: 1 + (p - 75) * 0.3 / 55
Stamina: 1 + (50 - HP%) * 0.3 / 30
75% 50% Percent: 1 + (p - 75) * 0.4 / 95
Stamina: 1 + (50 - HP%) * 0.4 / 20
170% 30% 1.4×
Smash 4 0% 100% 0.66× Percent: 1 + (p - 70) * 0.34 / 70
Stamina: 1 + (50 - HP%) * 0.34 / 50
70% 50% Percent: 1 + (p - 70) * 0.7 / 120
Stamina: 1 + (50 - HP%) * 0.7 / 40
190% 10% 1.7×
Ultimate 0% 100% 0.66× Percent: 1 + (p - 65) * 0.34 / 65
Stamina: 1 + (50 - HP%) * 0.34 / 50
65% 50% Percent: 1 + (p - 65) * 0.67 / 125
Stamina: 1 + (50 - HP%) * 0.67 / 40
190% 10% 1.67×

Overall, Brawl has the least drastic differences in Aura strength, also being the only game where it does not increase as soon as Lucario takes damage, while Smash 4 has the most drastic differences, causing it to be buffed overall. Aura in Ultimate is largely similar to Smash 4's, except the baseline percent and ceiling multiplier are slightly lower, as a respective buff and nerf to it.

Mega Lucario always uses an Aura multiplier of 1.8×, regardless of its damage percent or remaining HP, which is normally the maximum obtainable Aura multiplier for Lucario in combination with the secondary, placing-based Aura multiplier. This is because both Mega Lucario's minimum and maximum total Aura multipliers are set to 1.8×, rather than the minimum being set to 0.6×.

Defense equipment modifiers[edit]

In Smash 4 only, Aura has an additional wrinkle when Lucario is given Defense equipment. While the damage multipliers for all three stages remain the same, as does the floor percent, the baseline and ceiling percents (as well as HP proportions in Stamina mode) increase in proportion with Lucario's Defense stat, causing Aura to scale at a slower rate the higher Lucario's Defense is. However, a negative Defense stat does not conversely decrease these percents, so Aura scales at the same rate as with no Defense.

The following table summarizes the resulting changes to Aura's floor and ceiling percents with Defense equipment. Overall, the percents reach 40% of their total increase with 50 Defense, then 70% of their increase with 100 Defense, and finally max out with 200 Defense.

Property Defense stat
0 to 50 50 to 100 100 to 200 Maximum
Baseline percent 70 + 0.112 * defense 75.6 + 0.084 * (defense - 50) 79.8 + 0.042 * (defense - 100) 84%
Ceiling percent 190 + 0.96 * defense 238 + 0.72 * (defense - 50) 274 + 0.36 * (defense - 100) 310%
Baseline HP proportion 50 - 0.04 * defense 48 - 0.03 * (defense - 50) 46.5 - 0.015 * (defense - 100) 45%
Ceiling HP proportion 10 - 0.016 * defense 9.2 - 0.012 * (defense - 50) 8.6 - 0.006 * (defense - 100) 8%

Aura multiplier by placing (Stock Aura)[edit]

With other players present, an additional Aura multiplier is factored into the primary, percent-based one, which is based on Lucario's placing in the match relative to other players. This mechanic, usually referred to as Stock Aura, only applies between human players; it neither takes CPUs into account nor affects Lucario CPUs' Aura, and is by extension absent from single player modes.

A table showing how Lucario's Aura scales with percent and stock difference in a 1v1 battle in Ultimate.

Generally, the Stock Aura multiplier increases if Lucario is placing lower than other players, and decreases if it is placing higher than them. This factor is known as Lucario's rank, and is stored as an integer ranging from -2 to +2, indicating a lower or higher placing than opponents, respectively. In stock battles, Lucario's rank directly correlates to its stock difference with other players; for example, in a 1v1 battle, if Lucario has four or more stocks and the opponent has two, the rank is +2, whereas if Lucario has one stock in the same situation, the rank is -1. In matches with more than two players, the rank is a sum of two values: Lucario's advantage over the last-placing player, and its disadvantage over the first-placing player, so for example, if Lucario has two stocks, a second player has one (+1), and a third player has four (-2), the resulting rank is -1. This calculation does not take team affiliation into account, but does count eliminated players as having zero stocks, so even if only Lucario and one other player are remaining with equal stocks, its rank will be +1 for each player eliminated from the game.

Every time Lucario's rank changes, the Stock Aura multiplier is updated to a certain value depending not only on the rank itself, but the amount of non-CPU players in the match, with an accountable maximum of four (even with more than four players present in Smash Wii U and Ultimate), and the difference in the multiplier's value being higher with more players. For example, with a rank of -1 in Ultimate, the multiplier is 1.2× in a 1v1 battle, and 1.4× with four or more players, whereas with a rank of +1, the respective multipliers are 0.915× and 0.83×.

Another important factor of the Stock Aura multiplier to consider, however, is that it does not update immediately whenever Lucario's rank changes, instead gradually scaling to the new value over a certain period of time. This period in frames is determined by the formula 375 * players / 2, with a maximum of four players (as specified above), so the multiplier takes 375 frames (6.25 seconds) to fully change in a two-player match, 563 frames (9.375 seconds) in a three-player match, and 750 frames (12.5 seconds) with four or more players. As an example of this gradual scaling, in Ultimate, if Lucario's rank changes from 0 to -1 and it attacks within 150 frames (2.5 seconds), the resulting multiplier is 1.08×, as 150 frames are only 40% of the total 375 for the multiplier to fully increase to 1.2×, or with four players, 20% of the total 750 to fully increase to 1.4×. If the rank changes again during this period, the multiplier immediately skips to the previous goal value, then starts gradually scaling to the new value.

Lastly, in modes other than stock, Lucario's rank is determined somewhat differently. In time battles, the rank is +1 if Lucario has from 1 to 4 more points than another player, and +2 if it has at least 5 more points than them; if it has less points, the same rule applies to the equivalent negative values. As each KO in time battles changes the score difference by two (the KO owner gains one point, while the victim loses one), a rank of -2 or +2 is reached with at least three uninterrupted KOs from either player. Conversely, in coin battles, the rank immediately changes to -2 or +2 if Lucario has less or more points (respectively) than another player, even with a difference of only one.

Formula[edit]

In Brawl and Smash 4, the formula for the Stock Aura multiplier is 8 / (8 + rank * players / 2), with the rank and player variables functioning as previously described. In Ultimate, the formula is changed to 1 - 0.085 * rank * players if the rank is positive, and 1 + 0.2 * rank * players if the rank is negative. As a result, after fully scaling to their changed value, these are all the possible Stock Aura multipliers:

Lucario's rank Multiplier Super Smash Bros. Brawl Super Smash Bros. 4 Multiplier Super Smash Bros. Ultimate
2 players 3 players 4+ players 2 players 3 players 4+ players
+2 0.8× (8/10) 0.727× (8/11) 0.667× (8/12) 0.83× 0.745× 0.66×
+1 0.888× (8/9) 0.842× (8/9.5) 0.8× (8/10) 0.915× 0.8725× 0.83×
0 (8/8)
-1 1.143× (8/7) 1.231× (8/6.5) 1.333× (8/6) 1.2× 1.3× 1.4×
-2 1.333× (8/6) 1.6× (8/5) (8/4) 1.4× 1.6× 1.8×

Worth noting is that Lucario's minimum and maximum Aura multipliers (with both the percent-based and Stock Aura multipliers factored in) are still capped at 0.6× and 1.8×, respectively, so Stock Aura can cause Lucario to reach these caps drastically earlier, but not surpass them.

Special move effects[edit]

Comparison between Force Palm's wave at minimum and maximum Aura in Ultimate.

In addition to modifying Lucario's damage output, Aura also improves certain properties of its special moves. This only affects Aura Sphere in Brawl, but extends to Force Palm and Extreme Speed as well in Smash 4 and Ultimate. The changes are as follows:

  • Aura Sphere becomes larger, and therefore has increased range and travel distance, the higher Lucario's Aura is, stacking with its ordinary size increase by charging. To achieve this, the sphere's scale is directly multiplied by the resulting damage multiplier from Lucario's Aura, so for example, in Smash 4 without Stock Aura, it is at 0.66× of its default size with 0% damage, and 1.7× with 190% damage, for a proportional increase of 2.576×.
    • As Kirby does not gain Lucario's Aura via Copy Ability, his Aura Sphere does not increase in size as he takes more damage.
  • Force Palm's wave becomes larger much like Aura Sphere, increasing its effective range, though this does not affect the command grab's size. For this, the wave's scale is multiplied by the result of the formula 1 + (aura - 1) * 1.12, so for example, in Smash 4 without Stock Aura, it is at 0.6192× of its default size with 0% damage, and 1.784× with 190% damage, for a proportional increase of 2.881×.
    • In Smash 4 prior to version 1.0.4, the formula was 1 + (aura - 1) * 1.2. This results in a scale multiplier of 0.592× at 0% damage, and 1.84× at 190% damage, for a proportional increase of 3.108×.
    • Additionally, in Ultimate, a successful command grab triggers a Special Zoom with an Aura multiplier of 1.14× or higher, which corresponds to at least 91.12% damage without Stock Aura.
  • Extreme Speed travels at a faster speed, and thus covers substantially more distance, improving its recovery potential. The move's travel speed is determined by the formula 3.05 + 3 * aura, so it is decreased by roughly 16.7% at the minimum Aura percent, and increased by roughly 33.3% at the maximum Aura percent, for a proportional speed increase of roughly 1.6×.

Origin[edit]

Lucario using aura in Lucario and the Mystery of Mew.

Aura is a concept in the Pokémon franchise associated with Lucario, in particular in the movie Lucario and the Mystery of Mew. It functions as a supernatural sense and can be channeled into the attack Aura Sphere.

Unlike in Super Smash Bros., aura in the Pokémon franchise has no relationship to becoming more powerful when damaged. It has very little mechanical significance in the Pokémon games, mainly being mentioned in Pokédex entries and the name of Aura Sphere. Oftentimes, the existence of aura is presented as a theme when present, rather than a material ability. A black aura is associated with the corrupted Shadow Pokémon in Pokémon Colosseum and Pokémon XD: Gale of Darkness. The player's aura is also read during the personality quiz in Pokémon Mystery Dungeon: Explorers of Time and Explorers of Darkness, as well as Pokémon Mystery Dungeon: Explorers of Sky prior to becoming a Pokémon.

Reversal in Generation IV.

The only mechanical relevance of aura in the core series games is the ability Mega Launcher, which powers up "aura" and "pulse" moves such as Aura Sphere and Dark Pulse, collectively referred to in Japanese with the term Hadō (はどう). However, this ability is not available to Lucario, instead being given to artillery-themed Pokémon like Mega Blastoise and Clawitzer.

The moves Flail and Reversal work similarly to how Aura works in Smash, being moves that increase in power when the Pokémon has less HP, going up to 200 base power, among the highest amounts possible prior to being boosted by other effects. Reversal has been learnable by Lucario since Pokémon Diamond and Pearl, being learned at level 19 by Riolu; however, Lucario never directly learned it until Pokémon Sword and Shield via Move Reminder in Pokémon Centers or TR21.

Gallery[edit]

Trivia[edit]

  • The Aura's visual effect around Lucario's hands grows as Aura increases. In Ultimate, Lucario's hair will rise with more Aura, starting around 45% and reaches max height around 128%.
    • There is a bug in training mode where Lucario’s hair will stay at its maximum height regardless of percent if training mode has been reset.
  • In Brawl, it is a common misconception that aura attacks reach maximum power at 182% damage instead of 170%. This is due to Event 25: The Aura Is With Me placing Lucario at 182% to start the match, implying that 182% is the maximum.
    • A less common misconception is that each of Lucario's attacks has an individual aura cap. This is due to the game not displaying or otherwise acknowledging the presence of decimal figures, so for example, an attack dealing a maximum of 9.8% damage can be believed to have capped earlier than one dealing a maximum of 9%.
  • In Smash 4 and Ultimate, a tip states Lucario's Aura reaches 2.5× of its normal strength when maximized. This refers to the approximate rate between the ceiling aura multiplier (1.7× or 1.67×) and the floor multiplier (0.66×), rather than the baseline multiplier (1×).
    • The tip also mentions that it is possible for Aura to "grow even stronger", alluding to Stock Aura being able to increase the multiplier above the standard maximum of 1.7× or 1.67×.
  • In Ultimate, the modifiers for Lucario's aura percents via Smash 4's Defense equipment remain in its character files, although they are unused (even in spirit battles), unlike Dr. Mario's similar built-in equipment stats.
    • Interestingly enough, the modified baseline Aura percent was changed from 84% to 32%, suggesting the values were still intended to be used at one point in development.

References[edit]