Editing Stun

{{ArticleIcons|allgames=y}}
:''For the condition that occurs causing characters to shake back and forth while immobile, see [[Paralyze]].''
:''For the effect when a shield is hit, see [[Shieldstun]].''
[[File:SSBUWebsiteMewtwo5.jpg|thumb|300px|Rosalina stunned by Mewtwo in ''Ultimate''.]]
Being '''stunned''' or '''dazed''' (referred to as '''FuraFura''' in ''[[Super Smash Bros. Melee]]''{{'}}s [[debug menu]] and in-game files for ''[[Brawl]]'', ''[[Smash 4]]'' and ''[[Ultimate]]'', after the Japanese onomatopoeia for dizziness), an effect known as '''dizziness''' in ''Brawl'', is a special condition that leaves a [[character]] immobile for a short period of time.

==General properties==
[[File:Mario Stunned SSBM.gif|thumb|{{SSBM|Mario}}'s stun animation in ''Melee''.]]
A stunned character is dazed for a few seconds and can't perform any actions until the condition ends. [[Button mashing]] reduces the duration of the effect, and suffering any amount of [[knockback]] ends it prematurely. In ''Smash 64'' and ''Melee'', characters can change to other actions immediately after their stun time ends, which can cause unsuspecting opponents attempting to [[punish]] them to get punished themselves instead. From ''Brawl'' onward, however, every character has an animation for regaining consciousness after their stun ends (known internally as '''FuraFuraEnd'''), which lasts 50 [[frame]]s in ''Brawl'', and 33 frames from ''Smash 4'' onward, giving players a better visual cue and effectively adding more vulnerability time for the stunned character.

Stun is accompanied by a cartoony tweet sound effect that loops until the condition is stopped, as well as small stars that occasionally pop up around the character's head on top. This sound effect debuted in ''Melee'', and its volume was increased in ''Brawl''. In all games, characters also have a flashing red overlay applied to their model; in ''Smash 4'' and ''Ultimate'', however, this only happens when a character's [[shield]] is broken. Also, in ''Smash 4'', a halo of stars appears around a stunned character's head. In ''Ultimate'', the number of stars is reduced to 2, but a solid orange halo appears around the character's head as well.

It is impossible to be stunned while airborne. Possibly as a result, any airborne state induced upon a stunned character will cancel the stunned state immediately and they will enter a normal midair state.

While only a broken shield and a shattered reflector is capable of activating a stun state in ''Smash 64'', ''Melee'' introduced a type of hitbox that instantly activates stun, a type that has been used in a small amount of moves throughout the series.

The stun effect is [[weight]] independent, but the amount of knockback dealt can still be affected by knockback modifiers and [[Armor|knockback resistance]] (such as from the [[Metal Box]]). A stun effect hitbox will fail to stun the target if it doesn't deal any knockback, or doesn't deal more knockback than the target's armor threshold (such as [[Bowser|Bowser's]] [[Tough Guy]] mechanic in ''[[Bowser (SSB4)|Smash 4]]'' and ''[[Bowser (SSBU)|Ultimate]]''). However, stun duration itself is independent of knockback.

==Stun time==
The formula for stun time varies across games, as well as depending on how the stun is inflicted. From ''Brawl'' onward, this does not consider the animation for regaining consciousness, effectively adding more vulnerability on top of the actual stun time.

While a character is stunned, including the animation for regaining consciousness, hitting them with a stunning move does not extend the duration, instead simply causing flinchless damage. From ''Brawl'' onward, this applies for 70 additional frames after breaking free from stun. Characters also cannot be stunned in midair; attempting to do so causes the stunning move to inflict standard [[knockback]] instead, which in ''Melee'' is also the case for using [[Disable]] on an already stunned opponent.

===[[Shield break]]===
For a shield break, the formula in ''Smash 64'' and ''Melee'' is <code>(400 - p) + 90</code>, where '''p''' is the character's damage percent at the time their shield was broken. As a result, unlike other status conditions and stun methods, taking more damage ''decreases'' the amount of time a character is subsequently stunned from a shield break, reaching a minimum of 90 frames with at least 400% damage. From ''Brawl'' onward, the formula is changed to <code>400 - p</code>, reducing it by 90 frames compared to the previous games, and causing characters to immediately regain consciousness after getting up from a shield break if they are at 400% damage or more.

[[Button mashing]] reduces the duration of shield break stun by 4 frames per input in ''Smash 64'', and 3 frames per input in later games (5.4 for buttons in ''Smash 4'' and ''Ultimate'', but they cannot be inputted as quickly as stick inputs); compared to other status conditions, this leaves players highly vulnerable during a shield break, even with exceptionally fast mashing.

This formula also applies to having a [[reflect]]or broken in ''Smash 64'' and ''Melee'', and having {{SSBU|King K. Rool}}'s [[Belly Super Armor]] broken in ''Ultimate''. Additionally, in ''Ultimate'', equipping [[spirit]]s reduces the initial shield break stun frames by an amount equal to the character's Defense stat divided by 50, for a maximum reduction of 200 frames with a Defense of 10,000.

===Attacks with the stun effect===
In ''Melee'', the only attack that can stun opponents is {{SSBM|Mewtwo}}'s [[Disable]], which uses the formula <code>96 + 0.6p - 15h</code>, rounded down. '''p''' is the opponent's percent after Disable hits, while '''h''' is a handicap equal to the victim's current rank disadvantage over the attacker (for example, if the victim is placing 4th and the attacker is placing 1st, it is equal to 3). As a result, players that are currently losing will be stunned for less time, and the minimum possible stun time without button mashing can be 96, 81, 66, or 51 frames depending on their rank disadvantage. Button mashing reduces Disable's stun time by 5 frames per input.

In ''Brawl'', attacks that stun opponents use a general formula of <code>60 + 50h + 15(3 - r) + k</code>, rounded up, with the factors corresponding to the following:
*'''h''' and '''r''' are both placing factors much like the one used in ''Melee'', but they make stun time even more variable based on the user and victim's stock difference (or points in a time battle). '''h''' (handicap) controls stock deficit, being equal to 0.24 if the user is one stock behind the opponent, and 0.48 with two or more stocks behind. On the other hand, '''r''' (rank) controls stock leads, being equal to 1.875 if the user is one stock ahead of the opponent, and 2.7 with two or more stocks ahead.
**If both characters' stocks (or points) are equal, both factors are equal to 0, simplifying the formula to <code>105 + k</code>.
**To summarize, characters stun opponents for 12 more frames with a -1 difference in stocks (or points), 24 more frames with a -2 difference or lower, 28 less frames with a +1 difference, and 40 less frames with a +2 difference or higher.
*'''k''' is the numerical [[knockback]] amount inflicted by the stunning attack, using a [[weight]] of 100 for every character.
*Button mashing reduces stun time by 6 frames per input.

As a result, in addition to characters' rank in a battle being a more important factor for stun time, attacks have increased stun time based on their knockback amount rather than the opponent's percent (though the attack's base damage is a factor in knockback calculation, and thus still relevant to stun time). However, due to Mewtwo getting cut in ''Brawl'', there are no longer any playable characters that can use a stunning move without [[item]]s ([[Wario-Man]]'s uncharged [[Wario Waft]] can stun, but requires the [[Smash Ball]]).

In ''Smash 4'' and ''Ultimate'', the general stun formula is slightly modified to <code>'''76''' + 50h + 15(3 - r) + k</code> (or <code>121 + k</code> without the placing factors), increasing stun time by 16 frames relative to ''Brawl''. Button mashing still reduces stun time by 6 frames per input, which is now 10.8 for button inputs due to the altered mashing mechanics, though they cannot be registered as quickly as stick inputs.

===[[Disable]] (''Smash 4'' and ''Ultimate'')===
[[Mewtwo]] returns as a playable character after ''Brawl'', alongside its Disable move, making stun once again part of a playable character's moveset without items. However, Disable uses a different version of the stun effect, which has another formula for its stun duration, separate from the general one. This formula is <code>1.1p + k</code> in ''Smash 4'', and <code>'''1.3p''' + '''16h''' + '''16'''(3 - r) + k</code> in ''Ultimate'', both rounded up; as a result, unlike general stunning moves, the opponent's percent after Disable hits is a factor in its duration alongside the resulting knockback value, and in ''Smash 4'', it is not affected by Mewtwo's placing relative to the opponent.

In ''Ultimate'', the placing factors are also different; '''h''' (stock deficit) is equal to 0.2 for a -1 difference, and 0.45 for -2 or lower, while '''r''' (stock lead) is equal to 1.2 for a +1 difference, and 1.4 for +2 or higher. As a result, Disable stuns opponents for 4 more frames with a -1 difference in stocks (or points), 8 more frames with a -2 difference or lower, 19 less frames with a +1 difference, and 22 less frames with a +2 difference or higher. Without the placing factors, the formula can be simplified to <code>48 + 1.3p + k</code>.

This variant of the stun effect is also used by [[Marshadow]].

==Causes of stunning==
===By moves===
{| class="wikitable sortable" width=70%
!width=12%|Moves
!width=50%|Condition
!width=8%|Games
|-
|[[Reflection|Reflector shattering]]
|Attempting to reflect a projectile that deals above a certain amount of damage (usually 50%) causes the reflector to shatter and stun its user.
|{{GameIcon|SSB}}{{GameIcon|SSBM}}
|-
|[[Shield break]]
|If a shield loses all HP, it breaks and stuns its user.
|{{GameIcon|SSB}}{{GameIcon|SSBM}}{{GameIcon|SSBB}}{{GameIcon|SSB4}}{{GameIcon|SSBU}}
|}

===By characters===
{| class="wikitable sortable" width=70%
!width=12%|Character
!width=50%|Move(s)
!width=8%|Games
|-
|{{SSBU|King K. Rool}}
|[[Belly Super Armor]] upon sustaining at least 36.02% damage (split between King K. Rool and the armor)
|{{GameIcon|SSBU}}
|-
|{{SSBB|Luigi}}
|[[Negative Zone]] (grounds aerial opponents and stuns them)
|{{GameIcon|SSBB}}
|-
|[[Mewtwo]]
|[[Disable]]
|{{GameIcon|SSBM}}{{GameIcon|SSB4}}{{GameIcon|SSBU}}
|-
|{{SSBU|Sephiroth}}
|[[Supernova]] (one of the move's possible effects)
|{{GameIcon|SSBU}}
|-
|rowspan=2|[[Wario]]
|[[Chomp#Customization|Garlic Breath]] (custom move)
|{{GameIcon|SSB4}}
|-
|An uncharged [[Wario Waft]] as [[Wario-Man]]
|{{GameIcon|SSBB}}{{GameIcon|SSB4}}
|}

===By items===
{| class="wikitable sortable" width=70%
!width=12%|Item
!width=50%|Attack
!width=8%|Games
|-
|[[Assist Trophies]]
|[[Rathalos]]: Roars
|{{GameIcon|SSBU}}
|-
|[[Deku Nut]]
|Any attack on the ground
|{{GameIcon|SSBB}}{{GameIcon|SSB4}}{{GameIcon|SSBU}}
|-
|rowspan=3|[[Poké Ball]] [[Pokémon]]
|[[Ditto]]: Transform (if the summoner is Mewtwo)
|rowspan=2|{{GameIcon|SSBU}}
|-
|[[Marshadow]]: Spectral Thief (trapping hit)
|-
|[[Weavile]]: False Swipe
|{{GameIcon|SSBB}}
|}

===By enemies and bosses===
{| class="wikitable sortable" width=70%
!width=12%|Enemy/Boss
!width=50%|Attack(s)
!width=8%|Games
|-
|[[Crazy Hand]]
|Paralyzing Glaze
|{{GameIcon|SSBU}}
|-
|[[Master Hand]]
|Snapper
|{{GameIcon|SSB4}}{{GameIcon|SSBU}}
|-
|Master Hand and Crazy Hand
|Shadow Puppet (third bark)
|{{GameIcon|SSBU}}
|-
|[[ReDead]]
|Scream
|{{GameIcon|SSB4-3DS}}
|-
|[[Rathalos]]
|Roar
|{{GameIcon|SSBU}}
|}

===By stage===
In [[Wrecking Crew]], getting trapped in a barrel and taking heavy damage will occasionally result in the trapped character being stunned upon breaking out. This can only be done with low-knockback attacks, however.

==Gallery==
<gallery>
Ness stunned.jpg|{{SSB|Ness}} stunned in ''SSB''.
Stunned_Falco_Melee.png|{{SSBM|Falco}} stunned in ''Melee''.
Mario_dazed.jpg|{{SSBB|Mario}} stunned in ''Brawl''.
RosalinaStun.jpg|{{SSB4|Rosalina}} stunned in ''Smash 4''.
File:Shield Breaker Result.jpg|{{SSB4|Mega Man}} stunned in ''Super Smash Bros. 4''.
</gallery>

==Trivia==
*{{SSBB|Bowser}} is the only character in ''Brawl'' to lack the tweeting sound effect while he is stunned. The reason for this unique property is unknown.
*When [[Samus]] is stunned, her Power Suit starts to short-circuit, causing erratic and almost glitch-like movement. The same applies to [[Dark Samus]], even though her "suit" is technically part of her body.
*In ''Brawl'' and ''Smash 4'', the 90 frames used for minimum stun time from a shield break in ''Smash 64'' and ''Melee'' are still present in the games' code alongside other shield parameters. This suggests the minimum time was still originally intended to be used, but either did not work due to a coding error or was deprecated.
*In ''[[Super Smash Bros. Ultimate]]'', the Zap-Floor immunity spirits state that the user becomes immune to stun attacks; this is technically incorrect, as it actually prevents users from being [[paralyze]]d rather than stunned.
*In ''Ultimate'', using button mashing to escape the status quicker causes the character's stunned animation play at a faster speed.
*[[Captain Falcon]] and [[Terry]] are the only characters to speak when stunned, both of them saying, "Oh, no..."
**In games prior to ''Brawl'', Captain Falcon would simply say "No..."
*When Kirby gets stunned in ''Smash 64'', his eyes become swirls. This also happens when Pikachu gets stunned in both ''Smash 4'' and ''Ultimate'', referencing how Pokémon in ''{{iw|bulbapedia|Pokémon the Series}}'' often have their eyes replaced with swirls when fainted.

{{Effects}}

[[Category:Effects]]
[[Category:Special conditions]]
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